Adhesion pathway proteins and risk of atrial fibrillation in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis

Table 3 Adjusted hazard ratios for incident atrial fibrillation per one standard deviation increase in adhesion pathway protein

	Pooled sample
	Model 1^a		Model 2^b
	Hazard ratio (95% CI)	P value^c	Hazard ratio (95% CI)	P value^c	Race/Ethnicity interaction P value^c,d
Exam 1
HGF^e	1.18 (1.10 -1.26)	< 0.0001	1.10 (1.02–1.18)	0.009	0.28
Exam 2
MMP-1	1.02 (0.91–1.15)	0.72	1.02 (0.90–1.15)	0.76	0.36
MMP-2	1.25 (1.10–1.42)	< 0.001	1.27 (1.11–1.45)	< 0.001	0.14
TIMP-2	1.27 (1.11–1.44)	< 0.001	1.28 (1.12–1.46)	< 0.001	0.89
ICAM-1	1.11 (0.97–1.28)	0.13	1.09 (0.95–1.26)	0.23	0.51
VCAM-1	1.32 (1.17–1.50)	< 0.001	1.32 (1.16–1.5)	< 0.001	0.69
P-selectin	1.09 (0.86–1.40)	0.48	1.06 (0.83–1.37)	0.63	0.18
L-selectin	1.01 (0.88–1.15)	0.93	1.04 (0.90–1.20)	0.61	0.92
RANTES	1.02 (0.90–1.14)	0.8	1.03 (0.91–1.16)	0.68	0.80
E-cadherin	1.01 (0.88–1.15)	0.94	0.99 (0.85–1.14)	0.86	0.59
TGF-β1	1.00 (0.89–1.13)	0.97	0.99 (0.88–1.13)	0.97	0.79
CCL-21	1.20 (1.05–1.37)	0.008	1.17 (1.02–1.35)	0.025	0.76
SDF-1α	1.14 (1.00–1.30)	0.046	1.11 (0.97–1.27)	0.12	0.83
SLPI	1.22 (1.08–1.38)	0.001	1.22 (1.07–1.38)	0.003	0.02
IL-2 sR	1.22 (1.08–1.37)	0.001	1.20 (1.06–1.36)	0.004	0.22

CCL-21 Chemokine ligand 21, HGF hepatocyte growth factor, ICAM-1 intercellular adhesion molecule 1, IL-2 sR interleukin 2 soluble receptor, MMP-1 matrix metalloproteinase 1, MMP-2 matrix metalloproteinase 2, RANTES regulated on activation normal T cell expressed and secreted, SDF-1α stromal-derived factor 1α, SLPI secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor, TGF-β1 transforming growth factor β1, TIMP-2 tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 2, VCAM-1 vascular cell adhesion molecule 1
^aAdjusted for age, sex, and race/ethnicity. Proteins were not transformed for the analyses. Hazard ratios presented are for a 1 standard deviation unit change for each protein
^bAdjusted for model 1 + height, body mass index, systolic blood pressure, antihypertension therapy, diabetes status, current smoker, current alcohol use, and total and HDL cholesterol
^cThreshold for statistical significance P < 0.0033 (0.05/15)
^dThe race/ethnicity interaction term is not included in the final model. Stratified results are presented in Additional file 1: Table S3
^eThere were 74,960 person-years of follow up for the Exam 1 HGF analysis (average: 11.2 years), 851 incident cases of AF were identified (186 African Americans, 105 Chinese Americans, 151 Hispanic Americans, and 409 non-Hispanic white Americans)

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