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Table 1 Characteristics of participants in the cohort study by level of famine exposure (N = 9368)

From: Individual and combined association analysis of famine exposure and serum uric acid with hypertension in the mid-aged and older adult: a population-based cross-sectional study

Variables

Famine exposure in males

N = 4366

χ2/F

P

No-exposed

Fetal exposed

Childhood-exposed

Adolescence/adult-exposed

N

502

459

1760

1645

  

Age (years)

46.74 ± 1.07

50.28 ± 1.17

57.57 ± 2.83

69.97 ± 5.55

6738.564

< 0.001

BMI (kg/m2)

24.06 ± 3.59

23.72 ± 4.06

23.17 ± 3.53

22.27 ± 3.59

32.989

< 0.001

Education

      

 Illiterate

10 (1.99)

20 (4.36)

190 (10.8)

347 (21.09)

384.044

< 0.001

 Less than elementary school

400 (79.68)

316 (68.85)

1346 (76.48)

1164 (70.76)

  

 High school

68 (13.55)

100 (21.79)

167 (9.49)

32 (1.95)

  

 Above vocational school

24 (4.78)

23 (5.01)

57 (3.24)

102 (6.2)

  

Marital status

      

 Single

26 (5.18)

20 (4.36)

118 (6.7)

240 (14.59)

92.428

< 0.001

 Married

476 (94.82)

439 (95.64)

1642 (93.3)

1405 (85.41)

  

Living place

      

 Rural

317 (63.15)

293 (63.83)

1142 (64.89)

1129 (68.63)

8.829

0.032

 Urban

185 (36.85)

166 (36.17)

618 (35.11)

516 (31.37)

  

Smoking status

      

 No

133 (26.49)

101 (22)

393 (22.33)

450 (27.36)

66.125

< 0.001

 Former smoke

66 (13.15)

48 (10.46)

286 (16.25)

347 (21.09)

  

 Current smoke

303 (60.36)

310 (67.54)

1081 (61.42)

848 (51.55)

  

Alcohol habit

      

 No

168 (33.47)

164 (35.73)

723 (41.08)

855 (51.98)

85.718

< 0.001

 Less than once a month

69 (13.75)

65 (14.16)

200 (11.36)

149 (9.06)

  

 More than once a month

265 (52.79)

230 (50.11)

837 (47.56)

641 (38.97)

  

Eating habit

      

 ≤ 2 meals per day

69 (13.75)

69 (15.03)

209 (11.88)

233 (14.16)

14.199

0.027

 3 meals per day

428 (85.26)

388 (84.53)

1516 (86.14)

1394 (84.74)

  

 ≥ 4 meals per day

5 (1)

2 (0.44)

35 (1.99)

18 (1.09)

  

Social events

      

 No

195 (38.84)

193 (42.05)

894 (50.8)

864 (52.52)

39.989

< 0.001

 Yes

307 (61.16)

266 (57.95)

866 (49.2)

781 (47.48)

  

Experience of a traumatic event

      

 No

416 (82.87)

394 (85.84)

1529 (86.88)

1461 (88.81)

12.963

0.005

 Yes

86 (17.13)

65 (14.16)

231 (13.13)

184 (11.19)

  

Physical exercises habit

      

 No physical exercise

310 (61.75)

279 (60.78)

1087 (61.76)

1038 (63.1)

12.134

0.059

 Less than regular physical exercises

96 (19.12)

103 (22.44)

348 (19.77)

272 (16.53)

  

 Regular physical exercises

96 (19.12)

77 (16.78)

325 (18.47)

335 (20.36)

  

Hypertension

      

 No

390 (77.69)

333 (72.55)

1252 (71.14)

1034 (62.86)

53.108

< 0.001

 Yes

112 (22.31)

126 (27.45)

508 (28.86)

611 (37.14)

  

SUA levels

      

 Normal

474 (94.42)

426 (92.81)

1666 (94.66)

1510 (91.79)

12.438

0.006

 High

28 (5.58)

33 (7.19)

94 (5.34)

135 (8.21)

  

Variables

Famine exposure in females

N = 5002

χ2/F

P

No-exposed

Fetal exposed

Childhood-exposed

Adolescence/adult-exposed

N

810

635

1988

1569

  

Age (years)

46.76 ± 1.08

50.27 ± 1.17

57.56 ± 2.73

70.04 ± 5.87

8608.249

< 0.001

BMI (kg/m2)

24.75 ± 3.82

24.74 ± 3.96

24.11 ± 4.04

23.27 ± 4.3

43.834

< 0.001

Education

      

 Illiterate

137 (16.91)

173 (27.24)

896 (45.07)

921 (58.7)

618.607

< 0.001

 Less than elementary school

587 (72.47)

348 (54.8)

981 (49.35)

610 (38.88)

  

 High school

57 (7.04)

103 (16.22)

87 (4.38)

11 (0.7)

  

 Above vocational school

29 (3.58)

11 (1.73)

24 (1.21)

27 (1.72)

  

Marital status

      

 Single

23 (2.84)

35 (5.51)

184 (9.26)

501 (31.93)

547.311

< 0.001

 Married

787 (97.16)

600 (94.49)

1804 (90.74)

1068 (68.07)

  

Living place

      

 Rural

502 (61.98)

410 (64.57)

1257 (63.23)

1013 (64.56)

1.927

0.588

 Urban

308 (38.02)

225 (35.43)

731 (36.77)

556 (35.44)

  

Smoking status

      

 No

780 (96.3)

598 (94.17)

1838 (92.45)

1382 (88.08)

63.633

< 0.001

 Former smoke

3 (0.37)

9 (1.42)

33 (1.66)

57 (3.63)

  

 Current smoke

27 (3.33)

28 (4.41)

117 (5.89)

130 (8.29)

  

Alcohol habit

      

 No

709 (87.53)

547 (86.14)

1751 (88.08)

1378 (87.83)

20.027

0.003

 Less than once a month

48 (5.93)

44 (6.93)

107 (5.38)

55 (3.51)

  

 More than once a month

53 (6.54)

44 (6.93)

130 (6.54)

136 (8.67)

  

Eating habit

      

 ≤ 2 meals per day

125 (15.43)

80 (12.6)

228 (11.47)

228 (14.53)

14.889

0.021

 3 meals per day

680 (83.95)

547 (86.14)

1730 (87.02)

1318 (84)

  

 ≥ 4 meals per day

5 (0.62)

8 (1.26)

30 (1.51)

23 (1.47)

  

Social events

      

 No

366 (45.19)

271 (42.68)

1003 (50.45)

856 (54.56)

34.308

< 0.001

 Yes

444 (54.81)

364 (57.32)

985 (49.55)

713 (45.44)

  

Experience of a traumatic event

      

 No

771 (95.19)

589 (92.76)

1839 (92.51)

1455 (92.73)

6.943

0.074

 Yes

39 (4.81)

46 (7.24)

149 (7.49)

114 (7.27)

  

Physical exercises habit

      

 No physical exercise

478 (59.01)

365 (57.48)

1194 (60.06)

1020 (65.01)

16.762

0.010

 Less than regular physical exercises

164 (20.25)

128 (20.16)

391 (19.67)

278 (17.72)

  

 Regular physical exercises

168 (20.74)

142 (22.36)

403 (20.27)

271 (17.27)

  

Hypertension

      

 No

650 (80.25)

492 (77.48)

1410 (70.93)

831 (52.96)

251.082

< 0.001

 Yes

160 (19.75)

143 (22.52)

578 (29.07)

738 (47.04)

  

SUA levels

      

 Normal

792 (97.78)

615 (96.85)

1904 (95.77)

1457 (92.86)

36.492

< 0.001

 High

18 (2.22)

20 (3.15)

84 (4.23)

112 (7.14)

  
  1. BMI, body mass index; SUA, serum uric acid