Table 1 Characteristics of patients according to AF recurrence vs nonrecurrence

General clinical characteristic

Age (years)

61.56 ± 9.47

61.87 ± 9.49

61.46 ± 9.47

0.643

Sex

0.306

 Male

199 (56.4)

52 (61.2)

147 (54.9)

 Female

154 (43.6)

33 (38.8)

121 (45.1)

BMI (kg/m²)

24.79 ± 3.09

24.83 ± 3.14

24.77 ± 3.08

0.867

SBP (mmHg)

128.10 ± 15.37

127.94 ± 14.46

128.15 ± 15.68

0.912

DBP (mmHg)

79.18 ± 10.33

79.78 ± 9.93

78.99 ± 10.47

0.541

Type of AF

< 0.001

 Paroxysmal

257 (72.8)

48 (56.5)

209 (78.0)

 Persistent

96 (27.2)

37 (43.5)

59 (22.0)

AF duration (months)

25.26 ± 36.68

29.12 ± 33.32

24.03 ± 37.66

0.045

CHADS2 score

0.90 ± 0.93

1.04 ± 1.06

0.86 ± 0.88

0.288

CHA2DS2-VASc score

1.78 ± 1.37

1.89 ± 1.47

1.75 ± 1.34

0.443

Comorbidity

Hypertension

208 (58.9)

53 (62.4)

155 (57.8)

0.461

Diabetes

34 (9.6)

12 (14.1)

22 (8.2)

0.108

Dyslipidemia

18 (5.1)

6 (7.1)

12 (4.5)

0.509

Stroke/TIA

21 (5.9)

6 (7.1)

15 (5.6)

0.620

Hematological index

Hemoglobin (g/L)

138.70 ± 16.19

140.24 ± 15.02

138.21 ± 16.54

0.316

FBG (mmol/L)

5.07 ± 0.82

5.13 ± 0.99

5.06 ± 0.76

0.925

Sc (μmol/L)

70.10 ± 15.60

73.94 ± 20.37

68.88 ± 13.55

0.163

UA (μmol/L)

347.16 ± 88.31

355.63 ± 92.40

344.46 ± 86.97

0.311

ALB (g/L)

42.32 ± 3.43

42.48 ± 3.89

42.28 ± 3.28

0.637

TC (mmol/L)

4.41 ± 0.95

4.26 ± 1.05

4.45 ± 0.91

0.111

TG (mmol/L)

1.62 ± 1.09

1.71 ± 1.11

1.59 ± 1.08

0.252

LDL-C (mmol/L)

2.56 ± 0.83

2.40 ± 0.80

2.61 ± 0.83

0.126

HDL-C (mmol/L)

1.15 ± 0.29

1.12 ± 0.32

1.16 ± 0.28

0.177

Echocardiographic parameter

LAD (mm)

42.48 ± 5.50

44.68 ± 5.18

41.77 ± 5.42

< 0.001

LVEF (%)

62.84 ± 5.48

61.92 ± 5.14

63.13 ± 5.56

0.076

LVEDD (mm)

48.72 ± 4.46

49.02 ± 5.01

48.63 ± 4.27

0.510

LVESD (mm)

32.03 ± 4.01

32.40 ± 3.97

31.91 ± 4.02

0.331

Ablation procedure

0.453

CPVI alone

232 (65.7)

53 (62.4)

179 (66.8)

CPVI plus additional ablation

121 (34.3)

32 (37.6)

89 (33.2)

Direct current cardioversion

103 (29.2)

37 (43.5)

66 (24.6)

0.001

Medication

Oral anticoagulant

0.295

 Warfarin

25 (7.1)

9 (10.6)

16 (6.0)

 Dabigatran

255 (72.2)

61 (71.8)

194 (72.4)

 Rivaroxaban

73 (20.7)

15 (17.6)

58 (21.6)

ACEI/ARB

145 (41.1)

41 (48.2)

104 (38.8)

0.124

β-Blocker

165 (46.7)

45 (52.9)

120 (44.8)

0.189

Amiodarone

249 (70.5)

62 (72.9)

187 (69.8)

0.577

Propafenone

52 (14.7)

15 (17.6)

37 (13.8)

0.384

Biomarkers

hs-CRP (mg/L)

1.97 ± 2.58

2.76 ± 3.45

1.71 ± 2.18

0.004

CA-125 (U/mL)

13.06 ± 8.38

18.71 ± 12.63

11.27 ± 5.40

< 0.001