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Table 1 Baseline clinical, laboratory, angiographic, and procedural characteristics

From: Comparative effect of statin intensity between prediabetes and type 2 diabetes mellitus after implanting newer-generation drug-eluting stents in Korean acute myocardial infarction patients: a retrospective observational study

 

High-intensity statin (Group A, n = 2984)

Low-moderate-intensity statin (Group B, n = 6909)

NormoglycemiaGroup A1

(n = 806)

Prediabetes

Group A2

(n = 935)

T2DM

Group A3

(n = 1243)

p value

NormoglycemiaGroup B1

(n = 1815)

Prediabetes

Group B2

(n = 2145)

T2DM

Group B3

(n = 2949)

p value

Age (years)

59.4 ± 12.6

62.0 ± 12.6

62.8 ± 11.4

< 0.001

61.6 ± 12.9

63.6 ± 12.4

64.4 ± 11.7

< 0.001

Male, n (%)

686 (85.1)

736 (78.7)

928 (74.7)

< 0.001

1436 (79.1)

1604 (74.8)

2058 (69.8)

< 0.001

LVEF (%)

54.4 ± 10.3

53.8 ± 10.7

52.1 ± 11.2

< 0.001

52.7 ± 10.2

52.8 ± 10.5

51.3 ± 11.4

< 0.001

BMI (kg/m2)

24.3 ± 3.0

24.5 ± 3.2

24.7 ± 3.1

0.042

23.7 ± 2.9

24.1 ± 3.1

24.3 ± 3.1

< 0.001

SBP (mmHg)

134.4 ± 27.1

132.0 ± 28.0

133.0 ± 28.0

0.196

130.8 ± 27.7

129.2 ± 26.4

130.8 ± 27.3

0.070

DBP (mmHg)

83.0 ± 17.0

80.1 ± 16.9

79.8 ± 16.7

< 0.001

80.1 ± 16.2

78.8 ± 15.9

78.9 ± 15.7

0.017

STEMI, n (%)

462 (57.3)

556 (59.5)

681 (54.8)

0.089

1081 (59.6)

1270 (59.2)

1520 (51.5)

< 0.001

 Primary PCI, n (%)

451 (97.6)

538 (96.8)

663 (97.4)

0.687

1038 (96.0)

1222 (96.2)

1446 (95.1)

0.315

NSTEMI, n (%)

344 (42.7)

379 (40.5)

562 (45.2)

0.089

734 (40.4)

875 (40.8)

1429 (48.5)

< 0.001

 PCI within 24 h

303 (88.1)

337 (88.9)

495 (88.1)

0.913

652 (88.8)

750 (85.7)

1207 (84.5)

0.022

Cardiogenic shock, n (%)

18 (2.2)

33 (3.5)

48 (3.9)

0.120

78 (4.3)

93 (4.3)

126 (4.3)

0.994

Hypertension, n (%)

293 (36.4)

403 (43.1)

705 (56.7)

< 0.001

740 (40.8)

944 (44.0)

1821 (61.7)

< 0.001

Dyslipidemia, n (%)

71 (8.8)

114 (12.2)

161 (13.0)

0.013

163 (9.0)

259 (12.1)

461 (15.6)

< 0.001

Previous MI, n (%)

20 (2.5)

31 (3.3)

50 (4.0)

0.168

59 (3.3)

54 (2.5)

154 (5.2)

< 0.001

Previous PCI, n (%)

30 (3.7)

47 (5.0)

83 (6.7)

0.013

74 (4.1)

105 (4.9)

243 (8.2)

< 0.001

Previous CABG, n (%)

3 (0.4)

1 (0.1)

8 (0.6)

0.145

4 (0.2)

4 (0.2)

25 (0.8)

0.001

Previous HF, n (%)

2 (0.2)

4 (0.4)

13 (1.0)

0.053

10 (0.6)

22 (1.0)

42 (1.4)

0.017

Previous CVA, n (%)

38 (4.7)

42 (4.5)

89 (7.2)

0.011

75 (4.1)

115 (5.4)

241 (8.2)

< 0.001

Current smokers, n (%)

393 (48.8)

473 (50.6)

531 (42.7)

0.001

804 (44.3)

991 (46.2)

1123 (38.1)

< 0.001

Peak CK-MB (mg/dL)

130.9 ± 151.6

142.1 ± 172.4

108.7 ± 151.3

< 0.001

137.6 ± 184.5

145.5 ± 197.4

101.6 ± 135.7

< 0.001

Peak troponin-I (ng/mL)

48.2 ± 75.3

55.0 ± 89.0

47.3 ± 91.7

0.287

48.7 ± 74.7

45.4 ± 83.2

47.6 ± 154.5

0.670

NT-ProBNP (pg/mL)

1466.6 ± 2739.2

1474.5 ± 2226.2

1997.4 ± 4332.4

< 0.001

1570.2 ± 3125.3

1456.4 ± 2160.4

2475.3 ± 6131.6

< 0.001

hs-CRP (mg/dL)

5.39 ± 10.7

5.84 ± 13.3

6.18 ± 18.8

0.522

7.32 ± 28.7

10.2 ± 58.6

10.9 ± 45.2

0.033

Serum creatinine (mg/L)

1.02 ± 1.23

0.98 ± 0.69

1.11 ± 1.02

0.009

0.99 ± 0.82

1.00 ± 0.85

1.21 ± 1.90

< 0.001

eGFR (mL/min/1.73m2)

93.6 ± 46.9

88.6 ± 28.1

88.2 ± 49.0

0.014

92.1 ± 34.2

91.8 ± 44.4

84.0 ± 37.8

< 0.001

Blood glucose (mg/dL)

135.1 ± 39.5

145.9 ± 45.0

227.5 ± 103.4

< 0.001

135.6 ± 48.0

146.7 ± 49.0

223.3 ± 97.8

< 0.001

Hemoglobin A1C (%)

5.4 ± 0.4

6.0 ± 0.2

7.8 ± 1.7

< 0.001

5.3 ± 0.4

6.0 ± 0.2

7.8 ± 3.0

< 0.001

Total cholesterol (mg/dL)

189.9 ± 40.2

199.9 ± 44.3

189.2 ± 53.9

< 0.001

179.2 ± 39.5

186.2 ± 40.9

176.7 ± 45.0

< 0.001

Triglyceride (mg/L)

126.6 ± 84.9

151.2 ± 136.2

157.4 ± 132.6

< 0.001

115.9 ± 89.2

127.1 ± 90.0

147.6 ± 123.1

< 0.001

HDL-cholesterol (mg/L)

44.7 ± 12.1

44.2 ± 18.6

42.1 ± 11.7

< 0.001

44.4 ± 15.5

43.5 ± 13.2

41.8 ± 13.5

< 0.001

LDL-cholesterol (mg/L)

123.3 ± 36.8

130.6 ± 38.9

119.2 ± 40.6

< 0.001

112.9 ± 34.5

119.4 ± 50.7

108.2 ± 35.9

< 0.001

Discharge medications

Aspirin, n (%)

802 (99.6)

931 (99.6)

1241 (99.8)

0.686

1806 (99.5)

2136 (99.6)

2927 (99.3)

0.273

Clopidogrel, n (%)

607 (75.3)

764 (81.7)

1000 (80.5)

0.002

1465 (80.7)

1832 (85.4)

2548 (86.4)

< 0.001

Ticagrelor, n (%)

144 (17.9)

118 (12.6)

159 (12.8)

< 0.001

214 (11.8)

188 (8.8)

234 (7.9)

< 0.001

Prasugrel, n (%)

51 (6.3)

49 (5.2)

82 (6.6)

0.404

127 (7.0)

116 (5.4)

145 (4.9)

0.009

Cilostazole, n (%)

113 (14.0)

168 (18.0)

225 (18.1)

0.034

248 (13.7)

420 (19.6)

611 (20.7)

< 0.001

BBs, n (%)

682 (84.6)

811 (86.7)

1085 (87.3)

0.211

1570 (86.5)

1845 (86.0)

2572 (87.2)

0.449

ACEIs, n (%)

419 (52.0)

470 (50.3)

579 (46.6)

0.042

1161 (64.0)

1344 (62.7)

1669 (56.6)

< 0.001

ARBs, n (%)

239 (29.7)

305 (32.6)

433 (34.8)

0.050

397 (21.9)

463 (21.6)

856 (29.0)

< 0.001

CCBs, n (%)

45 (5.6)

32 (3.4)

78 (6.3)

0.010

93 (5.1)

135 (6.3)

235 (8.0)

< 0.001

Statin, n (%)

Atorvastatin, n (%)

440 (54.6)

418 (44.7)

626 (50.4)

< 0.001

835 (46.0)

987 (46.0)

1475 (50.0)

0.004

Rosuvastatin, n (%)

312 (38.7)

440 (47.1)

501 (40.3)

< 0.001

704 (38.8)

825 (38.5)

967 (32.8)

< 0.001

Simvastatin, n (%)

6 (0.7)

7 (0.7)

8 (0.6)

0.946

152 (8.4)

162 (7.6)

230 (7.8)

0.620

Pitavastatin, n (%)

30 (3.7)

56 (6.0)

75 (6.0)

0.048

98 (5.4)

147 (6.9)

237 (8.0)

0.002

Pravastatin, n (%)

9 (1.1)

8 (0.9)

19 (1.5)

0.350

25 (1.4)

24 (1.1)

39 (1.3)

0.733

Fluvastatin, n (%)

9 (1.1)

6 (0.6)

14 (1.1)

0.462

1 (0.1)

0 (0.0)

1 (0.0)

0.584

Diabetes management

Diet, n (%)

  

120 (9.7)

   

221 (7.5)

 

Oral agent, n (%)

  

729 (58.6)

   

1873 (63.5)

 

Insulin, n (%)

  

64 (5.1)

   

167 (5.7)

 

Untreated, n (%)

-

 

330 (26.5)

   

688 (23.3)

 

IRA

Left main, n (%)

22 (2.7)

15 (1.6)

31 (2.5)

0.234

25 (1.4)

30 (1.4)

50 (1.7)

0.587

LAD, n (%)

392 (48.6)

453 (48.4)

588 (47.3)

0.777

938 (51.7)

1072 (50.0)

1338 (45.4)

< 0.001

LCx, n (%)

146 (18.1)

156 (16.7)

191 (15.4)

0.259

290 (16.0)

360 (16.8)

504 (17.1)

0.602

RCA, n (%)

246 (30.5)

311 (33.3)

433 (34.8)

0.128

562 (31.0)

683 (31.8)

1057 (35.8)

0.001

Treated vessel

Left main, n (%)

28 (3.5)

27 (2.9)

45 (3.6)

0.626

43 (2.4)

55 (2.6)

84 (2.8)

0.587

LAD, n (%)

471 (58.4)

545 (58.3)

744 (59.9)

0.713

1092 (60.2)

1275 (59.4)

1716 (58.2)

0.374

LCx, n (%)

216 (26.8)

256 (27.4)

365 (29.4)

0.387

443 (26.4)

552 (25.7)

805 (27.3)

0.081

RCA, n (%)

296 (36.7)

373 (39.9)

539 (43.4)

0.010

659 (36.3)

827 (38.6)

1278 (43.3)

< 0.001

ACC/AHA lesion type

Type B1, n (%)

98 (12.2)

115 (12.3)

140 (11.3)

0.717

231 (12.7)

282 (13.1)

363 (12.3)

0.673

Type B2, n (%)

272 (33.7)

292 (31.2)

415 (33.4)

0.457

640 (35.3)

699 (32.6)

987 (33.5)

0.198

Type C, n (%)

365 (45.3)

431 (46.1)

587 (47.2)

0.679

837 (46.1)

974 (45.4)

1373 (46.6)

0.718

Extent of CAD

Single-vessel, n (%)

449 (55.7)

524 (56.0)

569 (45.8)

< 0.001

1003 (55.3)

1106 (51.6)

1244 (42.2)

< 0.001

Two-vessel, n (%)

231 (28.7)

258 (27.6)

428 (34.4)

0.001

546 (30.1)

679 (31.7)

975 (33.1)

0.098

≥ Three-vessel, n (%)

121 (15.0)

150 (16.0)

242 (19.5)

0.018

266 (14.7)

360 (16.8)

730 (24.8)

< 0.001

IVUS, n (%)

209 (25.9)

265 (28.3)

328 (26.4)

0.463

348 (19.2)

496 (23.1)

584 (19.8)

0.003

OCT, n (%)

10 (1.2)

6 (0.6)

9 (0.7)

0.333

11 (0.6)

22 (1.0)

22 (0.7)

0.308

FFR, n (%)

8 (1.0)

15 (1.6)

17 (1.4)

0.539

20 (1.1)

30 (1.4)

43 (1.5)

0.566

Drug-eluting stentsa

ZES, n (%)

261 (32.4)

321 (34.3)

433 (34.8)

0.504

541 (29.8)

739 (34.5)

993 (33.7)

0.004

EES, n (%)

426 (52.9)

498 (53.3)

649 (52.2)

0.885

944 (52.0)

1091 (50.9)

1539 (52.2)

0.622

BES, n (%)

135 (16.7)

128 (13.7)

175 (14.1)

0.146

322 (17.7)

307 (14.3)

384 (13.0)

< 0.001

Others, n (%)

5 (0.6)

10 (1.1)

18 (1.4)

0.214

46 (2.5)

55 (2.6)

89 (3.0)

0.500

Stent diameter (mm)

3.17 ± 0.42

3.16 ± 0.42

3.14 ± 0.43

0.235

3.15 ± 0.42

3.13 ± 0.41

3.09 ± 0.41

< 0.001

Stent length (mm)

27.7 ± 11.2

27.6 ± 12.7

28.0 ± 12.5

0.681

27.4 ± 11.8

27.0 ± 11.1

27.8 ± 11.9

0.051

Number of stent

1.48 ± 0.80

1.51 ± 0.84

1.59 ± 0.87

0.007

1.40 ± 0.72

1.47 ± 0.78

1.54 ± 0.82

< 0.001

  1. Values are means ± SD or numbers and percentages. The p values for continuous data obtained from the analysis of variance. The p values for categorical data from chi-square or Fisher’s exact test. LVEF: left ventricular ejection fraction; BMI: body mass index; SBP: systolic blood pressure; DBP: diastolic blood pressure; STEMI: ST-elevation myocardial infarction; NSTEMI: non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction; PCI: percutaneous coronary intervention; CABG: coronary artery bypass graft; HF: heart failure; CVA: cerebrovascular accident; CK-MB: creatine kinase myocardial band; NT-ProBNP: N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide; hs-CRP: high sensitivity C-reactive protein; eGFR: estimated glomerular filtration rate; HDL: high-density lipoprotein; LDL: low-density lipoprotein; BBs: beta-blockers; ACEs: angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors; ARBs: angiotensin receptor blockers; CCBs: calcium channel blockers; IRA: infarct-related artery; LAD: left anterior descending coronary artery; LCx: left circumflex coronary artery; RCA: right coronary artery; ACC/AHA: American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association; CAD: coronary artery disease; IVUS: intravascular ultrasound; OCT: optical coherence tomography; FFR: fractional flow reserve; ZES: zotarolimus-eluting stent; EES: everolimus-eluting stent; BES: biolimus-eluting stents
  2. aDrug-eluting stents were composed of ZES (Resolute Integrity stent; Medtronic, Inc., Minneapolis, MN), EES (Xience Prime stent, Abbott Vascular, Santa Clara, CA; or Promus Element stent, Boston Scientific, Natick, MA), BES (BioMatrix Flex stent, Biosensors International, Morges, Switzerland; or Nobori stent, Terumo Corporation, Tokyo, Japan), and others include any other newer-generation drug-eluting stents except for ZES, EES, and BES
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BMC Cardiovascular Disorders

ISSN: 1471-2261

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