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Table 1 Patient characteristics at baseline, by pain self-reported one month after discharge: TRACE-CORE, 2011–2013

From: Non-specific pain and 30-day readmission in acute coronary syndromes: findings from the TRACE-CORE prospective cohort

Variable

All Patients

Categories of self-reported pain after discharge

 

No pain

Mild-moderate pain, documented in EHR

Mild-moderate pain, NOT documented in EHR

Severe pain

P value

 

N = 787

N = 285

N = 101

N = 347

N = 54

 
 

N (%)

N (%)

N (%)

N (%)

N (%)

 

Age

     

0.01*

 < 50

116 (14.7)

30 (10.5)

14 (13.9)

64 (18.4)

8 (14.8)

 

50–64

336 (42.7)

120 (42.1)

47 (46.5)

141 (40.6)

28 (51.9)

 

 ≥ 65

335 (42.6)

135 (47.4)

40 (39.6)

142 (40.9)

18 (33.3)

 

Gender

     

0.01*

Female

235 (29.9)

68 (23.9)

26 (25.7)

121 (34.9)

30 (37.0)

 

Race

     

0.42

White

741 (94.9)

269 (95.1)

97 (97.0)

326 (94.8)

49 (90.7)

 

Black

8 (1.0)

4 (1.4)

1 (1.0)

3 (0.9)

0 (0.0)

 

Hispanic

32 (4.1)

10 (3.5)

2 (2.0)

15 (4.4)

5 (9.3)

 

Education

     

0.31

 ≤ High school

286 (36.3)

115 (40.4)

32 (31.7)

116 (33.4)

23 (42.6)

 

Some college

241 (30.6)

75 (26.3)

33 (32.7)

116 (33.4)

17 (31.5)

 

 ≥ College graduate

260 (33.0)

95 (33.3)

36 (35.6)

115 (33.1)

14 (25.9)

 

Low social support

     

0.38

Yes

41 (5.2)

17 (6.0)

5 (5.0)

14 (4.0)

5 (9.3)

 

Live alone

     

0.63

Yes

158 (20.1)

54 (18.9)

24 (23.8)

67 (19.3)

13 (24.1)

 

Low health literacy

     

0.69

Yes

227 (29.0)

80 (28.2)

34 (34.0)

97 (28.0)

16 (29.6)

 

Heavy drinker

     

0.30

Yes

74 (9.4)

25 (8.8)

13 (12.9)

34 (9.8)

2 (3.7)

 

Current smoker

     

0.04*

Yes

161 (20.6)

52 (18.2)

23 (22.8)

68 (19.6)

19 (35.2)

 

Where to seek health care

     

0.44

No places

87 (11.1)

28 (10.0)

11 (10.9)

42 (12.1)

6 (11.1)

 

Clinic or doctor office

619 (79.2)

233 (82.9)

78 (77.2)

267 (77.2)

41 (75.9)

 

Other places

35 (4.5)

8 (2.8)

4 (4.0)

21 (6.1)

2 (3.7)

 

Emergency department

41 (5.2)

12 (4.3)

8 (7.9)

16 (4.6)

5 (9.3)

 

Acute coronary syndrome type

     

0.01*

STEMI

171 (21.7)

72 (25.3)

10 (9.9)

79 (22.8)

10 (18.5)

 

NSTEMI

470 (59.7)

174 (61.1)

65 (64.4)

200 (57.6)

31 (57.4)

 

Unstable angina

146 (18.6)

39 (13.7)

26 (25.7)

68 (19.6)

13 (24.1)

 

History of PCI

     

0.12

Yes

174 (22.1)

54 (18.9)

22 (21.8)

80 (23.1)

18 (33.3)

 

History of CABG

     

0.33

Yes

87 (11.1)

26 (9.1)

16 (15.8)

39 (11.2)

6 (11.1)

 

Comorbiditya (mean [SD])

2.0 [1.7]

1.8 [1.6]

2.3 [1.8]

2.0 [1.7]

2.8 [2.0]

 < 0.001*

Reporting generic pain

     

 < 0.001*

No

181 (23.1)

107 (37.8)

11 (10.9)

58 (16.8)

5 (9.3)

 

Mild to moderate

447 (57.1)

141 (49.8)

65 (64.4)

220 (63.8)

21 (38.9)

 

Severe

155 (19.8)

35 (12.4)

25 (24.8)

67 (19.4)

28 (51.9)

 
  1. Pain category was defined using pain self-reported for the first month after discharge from index hospitalization (using SF-36 survey distributed at one month post-discharge) and electronic health record (EHR) documentation of pain extracted by natural language processing from patient’s clinical notes created within 30 days post discharge and before readmission to the hospital (if any). TRACE-CORE Transitions, Risks, and Actions in Coronary Events Center for Outcomes Research and Education, STEMI ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction, NSTEMI non-ST segment elevation myocardial infarction, PCI percutaneous coronary intervention, CABG coronary artery bypass graft, SD, standard deviation
  2. aThe number of diseases from the following 14 conditions in patient’s medical history: atrial fibrillation, Alzheimer or dementia, anemia, cancer, congestive heart failure, chronic kidney disease, chronic lung disease, Type 2 diabetes, dialysis, hypertension, peripheral vascular disease, valvular heart disease, coronary heart disease or myocardial infarction, transient ischemic attack or stroke
  3. *Indicates statistically significant (P < 0.05). p-values were calculated by chi-square test (for non-age categorical variables that have no cell size smaller than 5), Fisher’s exact test (for non-age categorical variables that have cell size smaller than 5), analysis of variance (for comorbidity). We used Cuzick's Test for Trend to assess the trend of age across the 4 pain categories
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BMC Cardiovascular Disorders

ISSN: 1471-2261

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