Table 1 Demographic characteristics in MINOCA patients
Total | Indeterminate MINOCA | MINOCA with diagnosis | p value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
n = 198 | n = 136 | n = 62 | ||
Mean age, years | 60.5 ± 13.8 | 62.3 ± 12.9 | 56.7 ± 14.9 | 0.007 |
Female gender | 112 (56.6) | 80 (58.8) | 32 (51.6) | 0.34 |
BMI, kg/m2 | 26.8 [24.2–30.4] | 26.8 [24.2–30.4] | 26.8 [24.1–30.3] | 0.93 |
Cardiovascular risk factors | ||||
Current smoker | 58 (29.3) | 37 (27.2) | 21 (33.9) | 0.34 |
Diabetes Mellitus | 37 (18.7) | 27 (19.9) | 10 (16.1) | 0.53 |
Hypertension | 84 (42.4) | 64 (47.1) | 20 (32.3) | 0.051 |
Hypercholesterolemia | 55 (27.8) | 42 (30.9) | 13 (21.0) | 0.15 |
Previous AMI | 29 (14.6) | 27 (19.9) | 2 (3.2) | 0.002 |
Previous PCI | 17 (8.6) | 16 (11.8) | 1 (1.6) | 0.018 |
Previous stroke | 14 (7.1) | 11 (8.1) | 3 (4.8) | 0.56 |
Family history of CVD | 75 (37.9) | 52 (38.2) | 23 (37.1) | 0.88 |
Gout or rheumatic arthritis | 16 (8.1) | 14 (10.3) | 2 (3.2) | 0.091 |
COPD | 22 (11.1) | 16 (11.8) | 6 (9.7) | 0.67 |
Atrial fibrillation | 14 (7.1) | 11 (8.1) | 3 (4.8) | 0.56 |
Sleep apnea | 8 (4.0) | 6 (4.4) | 2 (3.2) | 1.00 |
Systolic blood pressure, mmHg | 145.0 [126.5–165.0] | 147.5 [125.0–171.5] | 135.0 [128.8–151.8] | 0.039 |
Laboratory findings | ||||
Maximum hsTnT, ng/L | 91.0 [43.8–332.5] | 68.5 [34.5–219.8] | 238.0 [66.3–655.0] | < 0.001 |
Maximum CK, U/L | 168.0 [100.5–274.5] | 152.0 [95.0–243.8] | 212.0 [112.8–401.0] | 0.007 |
Creatinine, µmol/L | 80.4 ± 22.2 | 80.3 ± 22.4 | 80.6 ± 21.7 | 0.95 |
LDL, mmol/L | 2.5 ± 0.9 | 2.6 ± 0.9 | 2.2 ± 0.9 | 0.009 |
ST-deviation at presentation | 108 (54.5) | 64 (47.1) | 44 (71.0) | 0.002 |
Absence of coronary atherosclerosis on ICA | 67 (33.8) | 38 (27.8) | 29 (46.8) | 0.009 |
Echocardiography performed | 155 (78.3) | 102 (75.0) | 53 (85.5) | 0.097 |
LVEF ≤ 45% | 26 (17.9) | 8 (8.4) | 18 (36.0) | < 0.001 |
Wall motion disturbances | 44 (29.3) | 26 (51.0) | 18 (18.2) | < 0.001 |
Additional imaging performed | ||||
CMR | 38 (19.2) | 12 (8.8) | 26 (41.9) | < 0.001 |
CT-angiography | 25 (12.6) | 11 (8.1) | 14 (22.6) | 0.004 |
Left ventricular angiography | 24 (12.1) | 12 (8.8) | 12 (19.4) | 0.035 |
Medication at discharge | ||||
Acetylsalicylic acid | 143 (72.2) | 99 (72.8) | 44 (71.0) | 0.79 |
P2Y12 inhibitor | 116 (58.6) | 86 (63.2) | 30 (48.4) | 0.049 |
DAPT | 106 (53.5) | 77 (56.6) | 29 (46.8) | 0.20 |
Oral anticoagulation | 22 (11.1) | 14 (10.3) | 8 (12.9) | 0.59 |
Beta-blocker | 131 (66.2) | 94 (69.1) | 37 (59.7) | 0.19 |
ACE-inhibitor or ARB | 109 (55.1) | 77 (56.6) | 32 (51.6) | 0.51 |
Statin | 138 (69.7) | 99 (72.8) | 39 (62.9) | 0.16 |