Table 1 Review of case report on cardio-biliary reflex presented with bradycardia (not include arrhythmias during cholecystectomy)
Year | Age | Sex | Diagnosis | Comorbidity | Electrocardiogram | Inflammatory marks | Treatment | Recover time to normal rhythm | Flow up | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1967 | 56 | M | Calculous cholecystitis | Healthy | Sinus bradycardia with PVC, inverted T waves in V3 to V6 | NA | Atropine, cholecystectomy | After injection of atropine | NA | [2] |
1969 | 81 | M | Cholecystitis and cholelithiasis | NA | Sinus bradycardia | Slightly raised WBC | Cholecystectomy | After cholecystectomy | NA | [3] |
1970 | 56 | M | Acute calculous cholecystitis | NA | Sinus bradycardia | WBC 11 × 109 /L | Atropine, antibiotics | 36–48 h with abdominal pain disappeared | NA | [3] |
1999 | 67 | F | Severe chronic cholecystitis with perforation | Thoracic aortic aneurysm, aortoesophageal fistula | High-grade AVB and asystole | NA | Percutaneous drainage, cholecystectomy | After percutaneous drainage | Died from UGTB 1 day after operation | [17] |
2009 | 48 | M | Acute cholecystitis | Healthy | Complete AVB and second-degree heart block | NA | Cholecystectomy | 9 s | 1 year | [16] |
2011 | 35 | M | Acute calculous cholecystitis | Healthy | Sinus bradycardia and ventricular rhythm | NA | NA | 20 min | NA | [14] |
2015 | 70 | M | Acalculous cholecystitis | Healthy | Sinus bradycardia with 4.44 s pause | WBC 12 × 109 /L (4–11 × 109 /L) | Cholecystectomy | NA | NA | [12] |
2018 | 78 | M | Cholelithias | Hypertension, dyslipidemia, CAD | AVB | CRP 2,71 mg/dL (0.08–0.8) | Antibiotic, analgesics | 1 h | Planned cholecystectomy | [15] |
2020 | 28 | M | Acute calculous cholecystitis | NA | Complete AVB | Mildly elevated | Cholecystectomy, TPM implantation | At least 10 h | NA | [18] |
- | 31 | M | Acute cholecystitis and cholangitis without stones | HOCM | Complete AVB | WBC 10.01 × 109 /L CRP 19.0 mg/L, PCT 0.18 ng/mL | Antibiotic, PM implantation | At least 9 days | 18 months | This case |