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Table 2 Association between all-cause mortality and kidney or liver biomarker ratio with or without MetS (referent)

From: Associations between elevated kidney and liver biomarker ratios, metabolic syndrome and all-cause and coronary heart disease (CHD) mortality: analysis of the U.S. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES)

Biomarkers

Groups

Unadjusteda

Adjustedb

Adjustedc

 

MetS status

High biomarker ratio

Hazard ratiosa

95% confidence interval

Hazard ratiosb

95% confidence interval

Hazard ratiosc

95% confidence interval

UACR

No

No

1.00 (REF)

–

1.00 (REF)

–

1.00 (REF)

–

No

Yes

4.12

3.16 to 5.37

2.12

1.65 to 2.72

2.07

1.53 to 2.79

Yes

No

1.93

1.64 to 2.26

1.05

0.89 to 1.24

1.04

0.86 to 1.24

Yes

Yes

6.11

4.78 to 7.80

2.57

1.99 to 3.33

2.40

1.76 to 3.26

BUN-CR

No

No

1.00 (REF)

–

1.00 (REF)

–

1.00 (REF)

–

No

Yes

1.63

1.23 to 2.16

1.05

0.79 to 1.39

0.99

0.71 to 1.38

Yes

No

2.02

1.71 to 2.39

1.10

0.93 to 1.31

1.09

0.90 to 1.31

Yes

Yes

3.38

2.66 to 4.28

1.26

0.96 to 1.64

1.12

0.82 to 1.54

GGT-ALP

No

No

1.00 (REF)

–

1.00 (REF)

–

1.00 (REF)

–

No

Yes

1.45

1.06 to 1.99

1.24

0.92 to 1.67

1.21

0.88 to 1.65

Yes

No

2.17

1.87 to 2.53

1.12

0.96 to 1.32

1.07

0.90 to 1.28

Yes

Yes

2.07

1.54 to 2.77

1.26

0.95 to 1.67

1.39

1.02 to 1.90

AST-ALT

No

No

1.00 (REF)

–

1.00 (REF)

–

1.00 (REF)

–

No

Yes

2.25

1.78 to 2.85

1.71

1.35 to 2.18

1.69

1.30 to 2.21

Yes

No

2.19

1.88 to 2.55

1.17

1.00 to 1.38

1.15

0.97 to 1.37

Yes

Yes

6.71

4.83 to 9.34

2.22

1.61 to 3.07

2.09

1.46 to 3.00

  1. Data derived from NHANES 1999–2015; referent group has neither elevated biomarker ratio nor MetS. Covariates include age, sex, ethnicity, education, income ratio, alcohol use, smoking, hospital visits, insurance coverage, self-rated health, and physical activity
  2. aUnadjusted model of the analytic subsample (n = 10,604); n = 1215 deaths
  3. bFully adjusted model of the analytic subsample (n = 10,604); n = 1215 deaths
  4. cFully adjusted model of a subsample without self-reported CVD, diabetes, or hypertension (n = 9909); n = 970 deaths