Table 2 Publication bias analysis
Study (RCT) | Random sequence generation | Allocation concealment | Blinding of participants and personnel | Blinding of outcome assessment | Incomplete outcome data | Selective reporting | Other bias | Â |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Craig R. Smith (2011) | Low | Unclear | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Â |
Study (observational) | Bias due to confounding | Bias in selection of participants into the study | Bias in measurement of interventions | Bias due to departures from intended interventions | Bias due to missing data | Bias in measurement of outcomes | Bias in selection of reported result | Overall bias |
Ayman Elbadawi (2020) | Serious | Serious | Low | Low | Moderate | Moderate | Low | Moderate |
Wilko Reents (2019) | Serious | Low | Low | Low | Moderate | Moderate | Low | Moderate |
Mohammed Al-Hijji (2019) | Serious | Serious | Low | Low | Moderate | Serious | Low | Serious |
Takahide Arai (2016) | Serious | Low | Low | Low | Moderate | Moderate | Low | Moderate |
Edward Koifman (2016) | Serious | Moderate | Low | Low | Moderate | Moderate | Low | Moderate |
Takashi Murashita (2016) | Serious | Low | Low | Low | Low | Moderate | Low | Moderate |
Martine Gilard (2016) | Serious | Low | Low | Low | Low | Serious | Low | Moderate |
Vinod H Thourani (2016) | Serious | Low | Low | Low | Moderate | Serious | Low | Moderate |
Fausto Biancari (2015) | Serious | Moderate | Moderate | Low | Moderate | Serious | Low | Serious |
Eugene H. Blackstone (2015) | Serious | Low | Low | Low | Moderate | Moderate | Low | Moderate |
Gerhard Schymik (2015) | Serious | Low | Low | Low | Serious | Moderate | Low | Moderate |
Martyn Thomas (2011) | Serious | Low | Moderate | Moderate | Serious | Moderate | Low | Serious |
Johan M. Bosmansa (2011) | Serious | Low | Moderate | Low | Serious | Serious | Low | Serious |
See Hooi Ewe (2011) | Serious | Moderate | Low | Low | Low | Serious | Low | Moderate |
Peter Wenaweser (2011) | Serious | Low | Moderate | Serious | Moderate | Serious | Low | Serious |
Rafal Dworakowski (2011) | Serious | Moderate | Moderate | Low | Serious | Moderate | Low | Moderate |
Josep Rodés-Cabau (2010) | Serious | Low | Low | Low | Low | Moderate | Low | Moderate |
Martyn Thomas (2010) | Serious | Low | Low | Low | Serious | Moderate | Low | Moderate |
Helene Eltchaninoff (2010) | Serious | Low | Low | Low | Serious | Moderate | Low | Moderate |
Nawwar Al-Attar (2009) | Serious | Serious | Moderate | Low | Moderate | Moderate | Low | Serious |