From: Leukocyte count and the risk of adverse outcomes in patients with HFpEF
Characteristic | Leukocyte count | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
≦ 5.5 n = 753 | 5.5–6.7 n = 707 | 6.7–8.0 n = 720 | > 8.0 n = 718 | p-value | |
Age, mean ± SD, years | 69 ± 9.2 | 69 ± 9.7 | 69 ± 10 | 69 ± 9 | 0.867 |
Male (%) | 289 (38) | 304 (43) | 362 (50) | 372 (52) | 0.000 |
Race | 0.620 | ||||
White (%) | 671 (89) | 629 (89) | 641 (89) | 629 (88) | |
Black (%) | 69 (9) | 58 (8) | 63 (9) | 66 (9) | |
Other (%) | 13 (2) | 20 (2) | 16 (2) | 23 (3) | |
Smoker (%) | 237 (32) | 241 (34) | 267 (37) | 306 (43) | 0.001 |
Hypertension (%) | 685 (91) | 645 (91) | 673 (94) | 673 (94) | 0.077 |
Dyslipidemia (%) | 431 (57) | 406 (57) | 423 (59) | 483 (67) | 0.000 |
Previous myocardial infarction (%) | 143 (19) | 154 (22) | 173 (24) | 192 (27) | 0.004 |
Prior heart failure hospitalization (%) | 562 (75) | 511 (72) | 520 (72) | 504 (70) | 0.304 |
Angina pectoris (%) | 340 (45) | 347 (49) | 345 (48) | 311 (43) | 0.112 |
PCI (%) | 89 (12) | 87 (12) | 97 (14) | 132 (19) | 0.000 |
CABG (%) | 75 (10) | 80 (11) | 85 (12) | 113 (16) | 0.006 |
Diabetes mellitus (%) | 198 (26) | 198 (28) | 244 (34) | 318 (44) | 0.000 |
Atrial fibrillation (%) | 262 (35) | 218 (31) | 239 (33) | 280 (39) | 0.011 |
COPD (%) | 58 (8) | 67 (10) | 89 (12) | 124 (17) | 0.000 |
Asthma (%) | 36 (5) | 56 (8) | 43 (6) | 61 (9) | 0.016 |
Stroke (%) | 56 (7) | 43 (6) | 59 (8) | 68 (10) | 0.112 |
Peripheral arterial disease (%) | 49 (7) | 55 (8) | 66 (9) | 89 (12) | 0.000 |
Thyroid disease (%) | 128 (17) | 105 (15) | 104 (15) | 143 (20) | 0.021 |
Pacemaker implanted (%) | 64 (9) | 50 (7) | 56 (8) | 61 (9) | 0.713 |
ICD (%) | 10 (1.3) | 8 (1.1) | 8 (1.1) | 12 (1.7) | 0.773 |
HR (b.p.m.) | 69 ± 10.1 | 68 ± 9.9 | 68 ± 11.1 | 70 ± 11.3 | 0.078 |
Systolic blood pressure, mean ± SD, mmHg | 129 ± 12.6 | 130 ± 13.9 | 130 ± 14.6 | 129 ± 14.9 | 0.110 |
Diastolic blood pressure | 76 ± 10.4 | 77 ± 10.6 | 76 ± 10.8 | 74 ± 11.1 | 0.000 |
Body mass index, mean ± SD, kg/m2 | 31 ± 6.6 | 32 ± 6.5 | 32 ± 7.1 | 34 ± 7.9 | 0.000 |
eGFR (mL/min) | 67 ± 18.2 | 69 ± 22.5 | 68 ± 19.8 | 65 ± 20.1 | 0.002 |
BUN (mg/dL) | 16.5 (6.8,22.1) | 16.2 (5.0,22.4) | 16.5 (5.6,23.0) | 17.6 (8.1,26.0) | 0.004 |
Hematocrit (%) | 39 ± 5.0 | 40 ± 4.8 | 40 ± 5.4 | 41 ± 5.7 | 0.000 |
Hemoglobin (g/dL) | 12.9 (12.0,14.0) | 13.2 (12.2,14.3) | 13.4 (12.3,14.5) | 13.5 (12.2,14.8) | 0.000 |
Platelet (k/uL) | 207 (173,243) | 220 (188,254) | 223 (193,264) | 245 (208,294) | 0.000 |
Albumin (g/dL) | 3.9 ± 2.5 | 3.8 ± 2.7 | 3.7 ± 2.5 | 3.7 ± 2.8 | 0.000 |
logBNP | 2.6 ± 0.5 | 2.6 ± 0.5 | 2.6 ± 0.5 | 2.6 ± 0.5 | 0.627 |
LVEF (%) | 59 ± 6.5 | 59 ± 6.9 | 59 ± 6.0 | 59 ± 6.7 | 0.076 |
New York Heart Association class III-IV (%) | 514 (68) | 509 (72) | 501 (70) | 428 (60) | 0.000 |
Aspirin use (%) | 453 (60) | 458 (65) | 475 (66) | 458 (64) | 0.110 |
b-blockers (%) | 573 (76) | 555 (79) | 565 (79) | 551 (78) | 0.599 |
ACEi (%) | 504 (66) | 455 (64) | 455 (63) | 438 (61) | 0.120 |
ARB (%) | 107 (14) | 113 (16) | 109 (15) | 132 (18) | 0.155 |
Statins (%) | 334 (44) | 332 (47) | 362 (50) | 426 (59) | 0.000 |
Calcium channel blockers (%) | 276 (37) | 292 (41) | 272 (38) | 281 (39) | 0.300 |
Spironolactone (%) | 361 (48) | 370 (52) | 346 (48) | 378 (53) | 0.118 |
Loop diuretic (%) | 326 (43) | 329 (47) | 349 (49) | 458 (64) | 0.000 |
Thiazide diuretic (%) | 322 (43) | 278 (39) | 286 (40) | 216 (30) | 0.000 |