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Table 2 Clinical and study characteristics at discharge divided by plasma osmolality on admission

From: Prognostic relevance of elevated plasma osmolality on admission in acute decompensated heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: insights from PURSUIT-HFpEF registry

General condition at discharge

All patients (n = 960)

Q1 (n = 318) Osm < 293.2

Q2 (n = 322) 293.2 ≤ Osm < 300.3

Q3 (n = 320) 300.3 ≤ Osm

P-value

BMI, kg/m2

21.4 (18.9–24.2)

21.1 (18.4–23.8)‡

21.2 (18.7–24.3)

21.9 (19.4–24.6)*

0.0150

SBP, mmHg

118 (106–131)

117 (106–128)‡

118 (106–130)

122 (107–134)*

0.0106

DBP, mmHg

65 (58–73)

65 (58–73)

66 (58–74)

65 (57–73)

0.7041

Heart rate

70 (61–80)

70 (63–80)

70 (61–80)

70 (60–78)

0.5914

AF

365 (38)

124 (39)

131 (41)

110 (34)

0.2242

GNRI

92 (85–99)

91 (84–97)

94 (85–101)

92 (85–99)

0.1277

6MWD, m

260 (155–340)

240 (150–333)

270 (156–352)

260 (160–338)

0.5728

NYHA classification

    

0.6460

NYHA I

340 (36)

111 (36)

106 (33)

123 (39)

 

NYHA II

538 (57)

173 (55)

193 (60)

172 (54)

 

NYHA III

67 (7)

26 (8)

20 (6)

21 (7)

 

NYHA IV

4 (0.4)

2 (0.6)

1 (0.3)

1 (0.3)

 

Laboratory examination at discharge

     

Hemoglobin, g/dL

11.3 (10.1–12.7)

11.5 (10.3–12.7)‡

11.6 (10.4–13.1)‡

10.8 (9.5–12.2)*,†

 < 0.0001

Hematocrit, %

34 (31–39)

35 (32–38)‡

35 (32–39)‡

33 (30–37)*,†

 < 0.0001

Serum total protein, g/dL

6.6 (6.2–7.1)

6.8 (6.3–7.2)‡

6.8 (6.3–7.2)‡

6.5 (6.1–7.0)*,†

0.0009

Serum albumin, g/dL

3.4 (3.1–3.7)

3.4 (3.1–3.7)

3.4 (3.2–3.8)‡

3.3 (3.1–3.6)†

0.0104

BUN, mg/dL

25 (18–34)

22 (16–28)†,‡

25 (18–33)*,‡

29 (21–42)*,†

 < 0.0001

Creatinine, μmol/L

1.1 (0.9–1.5)

1.0 (0.8–1.2)†,‡

1.1 (0.9–1.5)*,‡

1.3 (1.0–2.1)*,†

 < 0.0001

eGFR, mL/min/1.73m2

42 (30–55)

50 (37–60)†,‡

42 (32–54)*,‡

33 (21–49)*,†

 < 0.0001

Serum sodium, mEq/L

139 (137–141)

138 (135–140)†,‡

140 (138–141)*,‡

140 (138–142)*

 < 0.0001

Serum potassium, mEq/L

4.3 (3.9–4.6)

4.3 (3.9–4.6)

4.3 (4.0–4.6)

4.3 (3.9–4.6)

0.8271

Serum chloride, mEq/L

103 (100–106)

102 (99–105†,‡

103 (100–105)*,‡

104 (101–107)*,†

 < 0.0001

NT–proBNP, ng/L

1112 (478–2550)

993 (497–2190)‡

952 (439–2025)‡

1437 (510–3770)*,†

0.0010

CRP, mg/dL

0.29 (0.11–0.90)

0.34 (0.11–1.01)

0.28 (0.11–0.77)

0.26 (0.11–0.93)

0.4804

Glucose, mg/dL

98 (88–117)

97 (87–114)

98 (88–117)

101 (89–120)

0.3746

PVS, %

11.5 (1.9–19.6)

9.9 (1.9–20.0)

9.6 (0.9–17.9)‡

13.4 (3.1–21.2)†

0.0411

Plasma osmolality, mOsm/kg

294 (289–299)

290 (286–295)†,‡

294 (290–299)*,‡

297 (293–302)*,†

 < 0.0001

Prescription at discharge

     

Antiplatelet

278 (29)

82 (26)

93 (29)

103 (32)

0.1946

ACE inhibitor or ARB

510 (53)

157 (49)

168 (52)

185 (58)

0.0935

Calcium channel blocker

458 (48)

135 (42)‡

149 (46)

174 (55)*

0.0076

β-blocker

526 (55)

167 (53)

181 (56)

178 (56)

0.5896

Loop diuretics

754 (79)

243 (76)

254 (79)

257 (80)

0.4793

Thiazide

62 (6)

18 (6)

16 (5)

28 (9)

0.1165

Tolvaptan

156 (16)

39 (12)‡

54 (17)

63 (20)*

0.0377

Aldosterone antagonist

383 (40)

125 (39)

141 (44)

117 (37)

0.1683

SGLT2 inhibitor

50 (5)

13 (4)

12 (4)

25 (8)

0.0356

Anticoagulant

571 (59)

206 (65)‡

198 (61)

167 (52)*

0.0035

  1. 6MWD, 6-min walk distance; ACE, angiotensin-converting enzyme; AF, atrial fibrillation; ARB, angiotensin receptor blocker; BMI, body mass index; BUN, blood urea nitrogen; CRP, C-reactive protein; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; GNRI, Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index; NT-proBNP, N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide; NYHA, New York heart failure functional class; Osm, plasma osmolality (mOsm/kg); PVS, plasma volume status; SBP, systolic blood pressure; SGLT2, sodium glucose cotransporter 2
  2. Values are given as median (IQR) or n (%)
  3. Statistical comparisons were performed using Kruskal Wallis test or Fisher’s exact test. Statistical significances between each group (P < 0.05) using Steel–Dwass test for continuous variables and Fisher’s exact test with Bonferroni adjustment for categorical variables are shown as following: significance in versus Q1*, versus Q2†, and versus Q3‡