Reduced mechanical function of the left atrial predicts adverse outcome in pregnant women with clustering of metabolic risk factors

Table 2 Conventional echocardiographic parameters for participants

Variables	Control (n = 50)	GDM (n = 57)	PIH (n = 57)	CMR (n = 63)	P value
LVEDV, mL	85.11 ± 15.74	91.34 ± 15.84	89.04 ± 17.39	93.97 ± 16.02^†	0.034
LVESV, mL	30.09 ± 7.02	32.87 ± 7.13	32.46 ± 6.9	35.47 ± 7.48^†	0.001
SV, mL	55.02 ± 10.25	58.47 ± 10.39	56.57 ± 12.06	58.5 ± 10.13	0.266
LV EF, % (biplane Simpson)	64.77 ± 4.38	64.04 ± 4.12	63.42 ± 3.92	62.45 ± 3.87^†	0.021
IVSd, cm	9.17 ± 0.75	9.03 ± 0.68	10.18 ± 1.23	10.1 ± 1.25^†,‡	< 0.001
PWd, cm	8.96 ± 0.6	9.05 ± 0.65	9.91 ± 1.23	9.92 ± 0.99^†,§	< 0.001
Mitral E/A ratio	1.28 ± 0.33	1.27 ± 0.40	1.09 ± 0.27	1.03 ± 0.27^†,§	< 0.001
LV E/e’	6.83 ± 1.64	8.19 ± 2.34	8.58 ± 2.74	9.07 ± 2.76^†	< 0.001
LV GLS (%)	23.59 ± 2.26	22.09 ± 2.25	20.89 ± 2.14	20.33 ± 2.19^†,§	< 0.001
LAVi, ml/m2	20.99 ± 4.61	22.08 ± 4.95	23.02 ± 5.26	23.69 ± 6.18^†	0.048
LA EF, % (biplane Simpson)	73.77 ± 5.52	71.59 ± 5.84	70.98 ± 7.23	65.96 ± 6.59^†	0.008

Values are the mean ± standard deviation, median (interquartile range)
LVEDV, left ventricular end-diastolic volume; LVESV, left ventricular end-systolic volume; SV, Stroke volume; LV EF, left ventricular ejection fraction; IVSd, interventricular septum thickness; PWd, posterior wall thickness; LV E/e’, ratio of early diastolic mitral flow velocity to early diastolic peak velocity of lateral mitral annulus; LV GLS, left ventricular global longitudinal strain; LAVi, left atrial volume index; LA EF, left atrial ejection fraction. ^†P < 0.05, CMR group vs Control group. ^§P < 0.05, CMR group vs GDM group. ^‡P < 0.05, CMR group vs PIH group

ISSN: 1471-2261