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Table 1 Baseline characteristics by WHtR categories

From: Waist to height ratio is associated with an increased risk of mortality in Chinese patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction

Variable

Low-WHtR

(N = 378)

High-WHtR

(N = 1663)

All

(N = 2041)

p-value

Age (yrs)

74.32 ± 11.90

77.15 ± 11.27

76.63 ± 11.44

 < 0.001†

Male (%)

358 (94.71)

1598 (96.10)

1956 (95.84)

0.225

Smoking (%)

129 (34.13)

636 (38.52)

765 (37.70)

0.112

Alcohol (%)

114 (30.16)

533 (32.19)

647 (31.81)

0.445

WC (cm)

80.20 ± 5.29

94.57 ± 7.17

91.91 ± 8.85

 < 0.001†

BMI (kg/m2)

22.40 ± 3.21

24.92 ± 2.89

24.45 ± 3.11

 < 0.001†

SBP (mmHg)

129.78 ± 17.27

134.12 ± 16.90

133.32 ± 17.05

 < 0.001†

DBP (mmHg)

70.64 ± 9.97

71.07 ± 10.10

70.99 ± 10.08

0.459

HR (bpm)

71.96 ± 10.63

72.03 ± 10.81

72.02 ± 10.77

0.912

FG (mmol/L)

5.70 ± 1.78

5.83 ± 1.69

5.80 ± 1.67

0.174

eGFR (mL/min per 1.73 m2)

90.03 ± 23.13

88.99 ± 25.04

89.18 ± 24.70

0.461

NT-proBNP (pg/mL)

373.15 (240.68–474.20)

494.60 (244.00–644.8)

390.30 (343.00–537.50)

0.016†

Echocardiography

    

IVS (mm)

11.09 ± 1.10

12.46 ± 1.32

12.20 ± 1.29

 < 0.001†

LVPWT (mm)

9.78 ± 0.93

10.17 ± 0.95

10.10 ± 0.96

 < 0.001†

LVEDD (mm)

52.29 ± 3.10

54.25 ± 3.32

53.89 ± 3.30

 < 0.001†

LVESD (mm)

39.85 ± 2.61

40.83 ± 3.07

40.65 ± 3.02

 < 0.001†

LAD (mm)

34.34 ± 3.75

36.74 ± 4.09

36.30 ± 4.13

 < 0.001†

LVESV (mL)

40.98 ± 8.71

44.24 ± 10.35

43.64 ± 10.14

 < 0.001†

LVEDV (mL)

109.49 ± 16.53

115.51 ± 18.92

114.39 ± 18.64

 < 0.001†

LVEF (%)

62.54 ± 4.29

61.53 ± 4.83

61.72 ± 4.75

 < 0.001†

TR velocity (m/s)

3.24 ± 1.79

3.42 ± 0.36

3.39 ± 0.83

0.017†

LVMI (g/m2)

119.36 ± 17.53

135.74 ± 19.74

122.65 ± 19.42

 < 0.001†

RWT

0.426 ± 0.042

0.434 ± 0.0419

0.428 ± 0.042

0.001†

Medication (%)

    

ACEI/ARB

90 (23.81)

634 (38.12)

724 (35.47)

 < 0.001†

Beta blocker

79 (20.90)

502 (30.19)

581 (28.47)

 < 0.001†

Diuretic

33 (8.73)

212 (12.79)

245 (12.00)

0.030†

Statins

232 (61.38)

1055 (63.44)

1287 (63.06)

0.453

Number of comorbidities

1.91 ± 1.45

2.49 ± 1.45

2.38 ± 1.46

 < 0.001†

0–2

271 (71.69)

874 (52.56)

1145 (56.10)

 < 0.001†

3–4

83 (21.96)

638 (38.36)

721 (35.33)

 < 0.001†

 ≥ 5

24 (6.35)

151 (9.08)

175 (8.57)

 < 0.001†

Medical history (%)

    

Atrial fibrillation

38 (10.05)

256 (15.39)

294 (14.40)

0.004†

Ischemic heart disease

15 (3.97)

127 (7.64)

142 (6.96)

0.005†

Hypertension

183 (48.41)

1170 (70.35)

1353 (66.29)

 < 0.001†

Diabetes

102 (26.98)

598 (35.96)

700 (34.30)

 < 0.001†

  1. Data are presented as mean ± SD or as percentages
  2. WHtR, indicates waist to height ratio; WC, waist circumference; BMI, body mass index; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; HR, heart rate; FG, fasting glucose; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; NT-proBNP, N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide; IVS, interventricular septal thickness; LVPWT, left ventricular posterior wall thickness; LVEDD, left ventricular end diastolic diameter; LVESD, left ventricular end systolic diameter; LAD, left atrial diameter; LVESV, left ventricular end systolic volume; LVEDV, left ventricular end diastolic volume; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; TR, tricuspid regurgitation; LVMI, left ventricular mass index; RWT, relative wall thickness; ACEI, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors; ARB, angiotensin receptor antagonist
  3. Pairwise comparisons: †significant for high-WHtR versus low-WHtR