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Table 1 Baseline characteristics and incidence of endpoint events

From: A new scoring system for predicting short‐term outcomes in Chinese patients with critically‐ill acute decompensated heart failure

Variable

Value

Derivation cohort (n = 1014)

Validation cohort (n = 254)

Gender (men)

873 (68.8%)

709 (69.9%)

164 (64.6%)

Age (years)

58 ± 17

58 ± 17

58 ± 17

Age ≥ 75 years

227 (17.9%)

179 (17.7%)

48 (18.9%)

Etiologies (n, %)

   

Ischemic heart disease

385 (30.4)

336 (33.1)

49 (19.3)

Valvular disease

215 (17.0)

161 (15.9)

54 (21.3)

Cardiomyopathy

438 (34.5)

330 (32.5)

108 (42.6)

Arrhythmias

42 (3.3)

39 (3.8)

3 (1.2)

Myocarditis and pericardial disease

29 (2.3)

23 (2.3)

6 (2.5)

Congenital heart disease

62 (4.9)

43 (4.2)

19 (7.4)

Aortic disease

7 (0.6)

6 (0.6)

1 (0.4)

Pulmonary heart disease

33 (2.6)

30 (3.0)

3 (1.2)

Infiltration and toxic damage

56 (4.4)

46 (4.5)

10 (4.1)

Cardiogenic shock (n,%)

89 (7.0)

62 (6.1)

27 (10.6)

NYHA IV (n,%)

621 (49.0)

466 (46.0)

155 (61.0)

BMI (kg/m2)

23.90 ± 4.50

24.05 ± 4.50

23.56 ± 4.86

Glasgow coma scale

14.8 ± 0.85

14.8 ± 0.86

14.7 ± 0.86

Temperature (℃)

36.35 ± 0.42

36.33 ± 0.43

36.40 ± 0.38

SBP (mmHg)

115.06 ± 20.46

115.86 ± 20.37

111.88 ± 20.49

HR (BPM)

80 ± 19

80 ± 19

81 ± 21

RR (min−1)

19 ± 3

19 ± 3

19 ± 3

Diabetes mellitus (%)

342 (27.0)

273 (26.9)

69 (27.2)

Smoking (%)

632 (49.8)

512 (50.5)

120 (47.2)

Alcohol use (%)

509 (40.1)

412 (40.6)

97 (38.2)

Arterial pH

7.45 ± 0.11

7.44 ± 0.11

7.46 ± 0.05

PaO2 (mmHg)

87.46 ± 26.79

88.01 ± 25.38

85.30 ± 31.65

AB (mmol/L)

24.41 ± 4.40

24.44 ± 4.43

24.30 ± 4.33

Lactic acid (mmol/L)

1.82 ± 1.15

1.83 ± 1.20

1.78 ± 1.03

Serum sodium (mmol/L)

136.06 ± 5.05

136.35 ± 5.08

134.92 ± 4.76

Serum potassium (mmol/L)

4.05 ± 0.58

4.06 ± 0.58

4.02 ± 0.60

Leukocyte count (× 109/L)

7.8 ± 3.5

7.8 ± 3.5

8.0 ± 3.7

Hemoglobin (g/L)

134.9 ± 24.7

135.8 ± 24.3

131.5 ± 25.8

Hematocrit

0.409 ± 0.071

0.411 ± 0.070

0.398 ± 0.074

INR

1.39 ± 0.89

1.37 ± 0.96

1.46 ± 0.58

D-dimer (mg/L)

2.24 ± 3.49

2.21 ± 3.83

2.35 ± 2.92

Total bilirubin (μmol/L)

29.5 ± 25.3

29.7 ± 24.0

28.5 ± 29.9

Uric acid (μmol/L)

540.4 ± 196.3

532.1 ± 191.0

573.4 ± 213.3

Hs-TNI (μg/L)

0.045 (0.02–0.10)

0.04 (0.02–0.10)

0.06 (0.02–0.13)

NT-proBNP (ng/ml)

5478.2 (2286.5–11,957.3)

4966.5 (2171.3–10,728.9)

6821.2 (3028.5–17,569.3)

LVEF

   

HFrEF (yes, %)

790 (62.3)

629 (62.0)

161 (63.4)

HFmrEF (yes, %)

176 (13.9)

141 (13.9)

35 (13.8)

HFpEF (yes, %)

302 (23.8)

244 (24.1)

58 (22.8)

PASP > 30 mmHg (%)

590 (46.5)

456 (45.0)

134 (52.8)

eGFR (ml/min/1.73 m 2 )

   

eGFR ≥ 90 (%)

271 (21.4)

232 (22.9)

39 (15.3)

60 ≤ eGFR < 90 (%)

375 (29.6)

283 (27.9)

92 (36.2)

30 ≤ eGFR < 60 (%)

489 (38.6)

383 (37.8)

106 (41.7)

15 ≤ eGFR < 30 (%)

109 (8.6)

97 (9.6)

12 (4.7)

eGFR < 15 (%)

24 (1.9)

19 (1.8)

5 (2.0)

Atrial fibrillation (%)

451 (35.6)

349 (34.5)

102 (40.2)

Pleural effusion (%)

404 (31.9)

322 (31.8)

82 (32.3)

Hospitalization time (days)

13 (9–18)

13 (8–17)

15 (10–20)

Outcomes

   

Composite endpoint (%)

181 (14.3)

144 (14.2)

37 (14.6)

In-hospital death (%)

117 (9.2)

93 (9.2)

24 (9.4)

In-hospital cardiac arrest (%)

48 (3.8)

41 (4.0)

7 (2.8)

Applications of IABP or ECMO (%)

16 (1.3)

10 (1.0)

6 (2.4)

Heart transplantation (%)

45 (3.5)

32 (3.2)

13 (5.1)

  1. BMI, body mass index; SBP, systolic blood pressure; HR, heart rate; RR, respiratory rate; AB, actual bicarbonate; hs-TNI, high-sensitivity troponin I; NT-proBNP, N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; PASP, pulmonary arterial systolic pressure; IABP, intra-aortic balloon pump; ECMO, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation