Table 2 Baseline characteristics of EMPA group

Backgrounds

Age (years old)

63.1 ± 10.4

69.2 ± 9.0

0.070

Male gender (%)

14 (87.5)

12 (63.2)

0.097

Body mass index (kg/m²)

25.3 ± 5.0

23.1 ± 3.8

0.147

NYHA class

2.9 ± 0.7

3.3 ± 0.8

0.146

Systolic blood pressure (mmHg)

127.0 ± 18.6

119.3 ± 13.0

0.159

Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg)

76.9 ± 7.8

78.1 ± 9.1

0.698

Heart rate (bpm)

80.4 ± 9.1

78.2 ± 11.6

0.519

Hypertension (%)

13 (81.3)

16 (84.2)

0.823

Dyslipidemia (%)

13 (81.3)

16 (84.2)

0.823

T2DM duration (months)*

22 (19–28)

99 (72–118)

 < 0.001

Hemoglobin (g/dl)

14.7 ± 1.8

13.7 ± 2.7

0.241

HbA1c (%)

8.4 ± 1.7

8.1 ± 1.3

0.586

Sodium (mEq/l)

139.4 ± 2.3

138.8 ± 3.9

0.560

eGFR (ml/min/1.73m²)

73.7 (73.0–77.8)

64.7 (58.4–77.2)

0.185

BNP (pg/ml)

459 (383–709)

498 (285–807)

0.894

C-peptide immunoreactivity index

1.3 ± 0.2

1.1 ± 0.3

0.062

Hematocrit (%)

42.1 ± 3.8

40.8 ± 5.7

0.432

UCG characteristics

LAD (mm)

43 (41–46)

44 (39–46)

0.987

LVDd (mm)

50 (48–53)

52 (49–58)

0.280

LVEF (%) *

55.9 ± 10.0

48.4 ± 9.8

0.032

LVGLS (absolute value) (%)

7.9 ± 2.4

6.7 ± 3.0

0.207

E/e′

13.2 ± 6.1

12.6 ± 3.8

0.694

CMR characteristics

LVEDV index (ml/m²)

56.7 ± 14.4

65.6 ± 18.4

0.125

LVM index (g/m²)

55.9 ± 10.0

48.4 ± 9.8

0.698

Native T1 value (ms)*

1224.6 ± 47.4

1365.8 ± 52.7

 < 0.001

ECV (%)

27.5 ± 1.9

38.7 ± 5.3

–

Medications

β blocker (%)

7 (43.8)

11 (57.9)

0.419

ACEi (%)

2 (12.5)

2 (10.5)

0.860

ARB (%)

12 (75.0)

14 (73.7)

0.932

Loop diuretics (%)

13 (81.3)

15 (78.9)

0.823

MRA (%)

3 (18.8)

2 (10.5)

0.503

Empagliflozin (%)

16 (100)

19 (100)

–

Metformin (%)

4 (25.0)

8 (42.1)

0.297

DPP4i (%)

13 (81.3)

15 (78.9)

0.870

GLP-1 agonist (%)

0 (0.0)

2 (10.5)

0.163

Thiazolidine (%)

0 (0.0)

2 (10.5)

0.163

Sulfonylurea (%)

1 (6.3)

1 (5.3)

0.904

α-GI (%)

1 (6.3)

5 (26.3)

0.109