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Table 1 Clinical profiles of patients diagnosed with PPGLs and comparisons between the ACC group and the non-ACC group

From: Acute cardiac complications and subclinical myocardial injuries associated with pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma

 

All (n = 189)

Non-ACC (n = 175)

ACC (n = 14)

P value

Male

89 (47.1)

79 (45.1)

10 (71.4)

0.058

Age (years)

53 (38, 62)

54 (38, 62)

48 (38, 52)

0.320

History of hypertension

97 (51.3)

86 (49.1)

11 (78.6)

0.034

Patterns of hypertension (n = 97)

   

0.266

 Sustained

52 (53.6)

49 (57.0)

3 (27.3)

 Paroxysmal

15 (15.5)

13 (15.1)

2 (18.2)

 Mixed

19 (19.6)

15 (17.4)

4 (36.4)

 Unknown

11 (11.3)

9 (10.5)

2 (18.2)

 

Symptoms

    

 Nausea or vomiting

18 (9.5)

11 (6.3)

7 (50.0)

 < 0.001

 Presence of chest pain

6 (3.2)

4 (2.3)

2 (14.3)

0.065

 Presence of dyspnea

28 (14.8)

14 (8.0)

14 (100)

 < 0.001

 Presence of triada

16 (8.5)

15 (8.6)

1 (7.1)

1.000

ECG changes (n = 182)

    

 ST-segment changes

19 (10.4)

15 (8.9)

4 (28.6)

0.043

 T wave inversion

29 (15.3)

22 (13.1)

7 (50.0)

0.002

 Any abnormalityc

91 (50.0)

77 (45.8)

14 (100)

< 0.001

Blood parameters

    

 Hemoglobin (g/L) (n = 187)

132.8 ± 20.7

132.5 ± 20.2

136.8 ± 26.4

0.452

 Platelet count (× 109/L) (n = 187)

256.1 ± 81.5

251.9 ± 76.6

308. 6 ± 118.5

0.100

 White blood cell count (× 109/L) (n = 187)

6.6 (5.5, 8.6)

6.4 (5.4, 8.1)

15.6 (12.1, 18.9)

< 0.001

 eGFR (ml/min/1.73m2) (n = 188)

108.0 (96.9, 117.8)

108.0 (97.4, 117.8)

106.1 (49.3, 117.3)

0.408

Proteinuria (n = 185)

24 (13.0)

19 (11.1)

5 (35.7)

0.026

Cardiac biomarkers

    

 Elevation of troponin (n = 55)

19 (34.5)

6 (14.3)

13 (100)

< 0.001

 Elevation of NT-proBNPb (n = 51)

38 (74.5)

25 (65.8)

13 (100)

0.023

Patterns of secretion (n = 70)

    

 Unknown

4 (5.7)

4 (6.8)

0 (0)

 

 Nonsecreting

12 (17.1)

12 (20.3)

0 (0)

0.044

 Epinephrine predominant

5 (7.1)

4 (6.8)

1 (9.1)

 Norepinephrine predominant

25 (35.7)

23 (39.0)

2 (18.2)

 A combination of both

24 (34.3)

16 (27.1)

8 (72.7)

Patterns of secretion (n = 70)d

    

 Epinephrine secretion

29 (41.4)

20 (33.9)

9 (81.8)

0.006

Tumor characteristics

    

 Paragangliomas

52 (27.5)

50 (28.6)

2 (14.3)

0.357

 Bilateral adrenal tumors (n = 137)

6 (4.4)

5 (4.0)

1 (8.3)

0.429

 Right adrenal tumors (n = 137)

70 (51.1)

64 (51.2)

6 (50.0)

0.937

 Maximal tumor diameters (cm)

4.5 (3.2, 6)

4.5 (3, 6)

5.5 (4.7, 6.5)

0.053

 Invasive behavior at histology (n = 185)

55 (29.7)

47 (27.3)

8 (61.5)

0.022

 Hemorrhage/necrosis at histology (n = 185)

37 (20.0)

30 (17.4)

7 (53.9)

0.005

Antihypertensive therapy

    

 On admission

72 (38.1)

65 (37.1)

7 (50.0)

0.341

 At discharge

23 (12.2)e

19 (10.9)

4 (28.6)

0.073

  1. Continuous variables are expressed as mean ± standard deviation or median (25th, 75th percentile); categorical variables are presented as number and percentages in parentheses. Missing data varied by variables
  2. ACCs acute cardiac complications, cm centimetre, ECG electrocardiography, eGFR estimated glomerular filtration rate, NT-proBNP N-terminal pro-B type natriuretic peptide
  3. aDefined as presentation of headache, palpitation, and/or profuse sweating
  4. bDefined as NT-proBNP on admission equal to or greater than 125 pg/ml
  5. cDefined as any abnormal findings on ECG (e.g., arrhythmias, ST-segment changes, T wave changes, high voltage of left ventricle, etc.)
  6. dCategorized into two patterns: with and without epinephrine secretion (≥ 2 × ULN, including metanephrine)
  7. eP < 0.05 compared with admission
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BMC Cardiovascular Disorders

ISSN: 1471-2261

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