Risk of major bleeding by ethnicity and socioeconomic deprivation among 488,107 people in primary care: a cohort study

Table 3 Adjusted hazard ratios for socioeconomic deprivation, by subgroup and bleed type

Socioeconomic deprivation	Atrial fibrillation	Cardiovascular disease	No atrial fibrillation or cardiovascular disease
Area-based, per quintile of increasing deprivation, compared with those living in the quintile of least deprivation	Any bleed
	1.07 (1.02–1.12)	1.07 (1.03–1.10)	1.10 (1.08–1.12)
	Gastrointestinal bleed
	1.07 (1.01–1.13)	1.09 (1.04–1.13)	1.11 (1.08–1.13)
	Intracranial bleed
	1.23 (1.09–1.40)	1.00 (0.91–1.10)	1.07 (1.02–1.12)
	Other bleed
	1.01 (0.93–1.09)	1.04 (0.96–1.12)	1.08 (1.03–1.13)

Hazard ratios are adjusted for all of the following variables: age, sex, ethnicity, socioeconomic deprivation, systolic blood pressure (> / = or < 140 mm Hg), ratio of total cholesterol to high density lipoprotein cholesterol (mmol/L), medical history (smoking, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, heart failure, cancer, bleeding, peptic ulcer disease, thrombocytopaenia, anaemia, chronic kidney disease, liver disease, pancreatitis or alcohol-related condition) and medication use in the preceding 6 months (antiplatelet, anticoagulant, BP-lowering, lipid-lowering, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory, steroid, selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitor)
The total number of people included (and excluded due to a missing value) in the models for atrial fibrillation, cardiovascular disease and no atrial fibrillation or cardiovascular disease were: 15,097 (115), 43,437 (353) and 425,668 (3437), respectively
For the atrial fibrillation subgroup, the number of bleeds in the models were: any (1202), gastrointestinal (723), intracranial (172), other (379). For the cardiovascular disease subgroup, the number of bleeds in the models were: any (2092), gastrointestinal (1470), intracranial (270), other (423). For the no atrial fibrillation or cardiovascular disease subgroup, the number of bleeds in the models were: any (6478), gastrointestinal (4482), intracranial (926), other (1196)

ISSN: 1471-2261