Table 1 Baseline characteristics, follow up duration and bleeds during follow up, by subgroup
Variables | Atrial fibrillation | Cardiovascular disease | No atrial fibrillation or cardiovascular disease |
|---|---|---|---|
n (% of total) | 15,212 (3.1%) | 43,790 (9.0%) | 429,105 (87.9%) |
Male | 9857 (64.8%) | 25,704 (58.7%) | 239,552 (55.8%) |
Age, years | 64 ± 10 (66, 58 to 72) | 62 ± 910 (64, 56 to 70) | 54 ± 10 (54, 46 to 61) |
Ethnicity (self-identified and prioritised) | |||
Māori | 2885 (19%) | 6452 (14.7%) | 55,083 (12.8%) |
Pacific | 1578 (10.4%) | 4671 (10.7%) | 54,656 (12.7%) |
Indian | 340 (2.2%) | 3226 (7.4%) | 37,939 (8.8%) |
Chinese | 428 (2.8%) | 1526 (3.5%) | 26,994 (6.3%) |
Other Asian | 158 (1%) | 909 (2.1%) | 18,763 (4.4%) |
European | 9823 (64.6%) | 27,006 (61.7%) | 235,670 (54.9%) |
Socioeconomic deprivation* | |||
Quintile 1 (least deprived) | 2953 (19.4%) | 7815 (17.8%) | 94,741 (22.1%) |
Quintile 2 | 2735 (18%) | 7585 (17.3%) | 84,564 (19.7%) |
Quintile 3 | 2697 (17.7%) | 7832 (17.9%) | 77,327 (18%) |
Quintile 4 | 2956 (19.4%) | 9046 (20.7%) | 79,204 (18.5%) |
Quintile 5 (most deprived) | 3871 (25.4%) | 11,512 (26.3%) | 93,269 (21.7%) |
Measurements | |||
Systolic blood pressure, mm Hg | 130 ± 16 (130, 120 to 140) | 132 ± 16 (130, 122 to 141) | 129 ± 16 (128, 120 to 138) |
TC:HDL, mmol/L | 3.8 ± 1.2 (3.6, 3.0 to 4.5) | 3.8 ± 1.2 (3.6, 3.0 to 4.5) | 4.1 ± 1.2 (3.9, 3.2 to 4.8) |
Medical history | |||
Smoker (current or former) | 6011 (39.5%) | 18,725 (42.8%) | 134,420 (31.3%) |
Diabetes | 3942 (25.9%) | 13,594 (31%) | 51,497 (12%) |
Coronary heart disease | 5598 (36.8%) | 28,219 (64.4%) | 0 (0%) |
Percutaneous coronary intervention or coronary artery bypass graft | 2614 (17.2%) | 12,644 (28.9%) | 0 (0%) |
Cerebrovascular disease | 2070 (13.6%) | 9894 (22.6%) | 0 (0%) |
Peripheral vascular disease | 1588 (10.4%) | 6387 (14.6%) | 0 (0%) |
Heart failure | 4889 (32.1%) | 9777 (22.3%) | 0 (0%) |
Atrial fibrillation | 15,212 (100%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) |
Cancer | 1899 (12.5%) | 4517 (10.3%) | 22,330 (5.2%) |
Gastrointestinal bleed | 1373 (9%) | 2726 (6.2%) | 8173 (1.9%) |
Other† bleed | 895 (5.9%) | 1278 (2.9%) | 2921 (0.7%) |
Peptic ulcer disease | 4749 (31.2%) | 14,499 (33.1%) | 56,353 (13.1%) |
Thrombocytopenia | 854 (5.6%) | 1610 (3.7%) | 6694 (1.6%) |
Anaemia | 1794 (11.8%) | 4566 (10.4%) | 14,352 (3.3%) |
Chronic kidney disease | 666 (4.4%) | 1885 (4.3%) | 2148 (0.5%) |
Chronic liver disease | 94 (0.6%) | 286 (0.7%) | 752 (0.2%) |
Chronic pancreatitis | 33 (0.2%) | 82 (0.2%) | 270 (0.1%) |
Chronic alcohol-related disease | 467 (3.1%) | 901 (2.1%) | 2931 (0.7%) |
Medication (preceding 6 months) | |||
Antiplatelet | 6928 (45.5%) | 29,329 (67%) | 41,743 (9.7%) |
Dual antiplatelet | 442 (2.9%) | 3722 (8.5%) | 190 (0.0%) |
Anticoagulant | 6265 (41.2%) | 1207 (2.8%) | 1244 (0.3%) |
Blood pressure-lowering | 12,089 (79.5%) | 33,027 (75.4%) | 101,896 (23.7%) |
Lipid-lowering | 7861 (51.7%) | 30,072 (68.7%) | 71,831 (16.7%) |
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory | 2011 (13.2%) | 7710 (17.6%) | 77,586 (18.1%) |
Steroid | 1813 (11.9%) | 4585 (10.5%) | 23,505 (5.5%) |
Selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitor | 1017 (6.7%) | 3586 (8.2%) | 22,192 (5.2%) |
Follow-up duration | |||
Total, person-years | 62,657 | 189,336 | 1,822,153 |
Median (interquartile range), years | 5.0 (3.6 to 5.0) | 5.0 (4.1 to 5.0) | 4.9 (3.7 to 5.0) |
Major bleeds during follow up | |||
Any | 1218 (8.0%) | 2105 (4.8%) | 6550 (1.5%) |
Gastrointestinal | 734 (4.8%) | 1476 (3.4%) | 4526 (1.1%) |
Intracranial | 172 (1.1%) | 273 (0.6%) | 939 (0.2%) |
Other† | 384 (2.5%) | 428 (1.0%) | 1212 (0.3%) |