Skip to main content

Table 3 Meta-analysis of effect of glutamine supplementation on glycemic indices, triglyceride and inflammatory markers

From: Effect of glutamine supplementation on cardiometabolic risk factors and inflammatory markers: a systematic review and meta-analysis

 

No. of study

Pooled SMD (95% CI)

P value

Heterogeneity assessment

P for between subgroup heterogeneity

I2

Q test

P value

FBS

       

Oral

5

− 0.56 (− 0.89,− 0.23)*

0.001

75.8

16.54

0.002

0.088

PN

4

− 0.16 (− 0.48,0.16)

0.33

90.2

30.72

< 0.001

 

Total

9

− 0.73 (− 1.35,− 0.11)*

0.02

84.1

50.17

< 0.001

 

Insulin

       

Oral

5

0.07 (-.25,0.39)

0.66

67.3

12.23

0.016

< 0.001

PN

2

− 1.63 (− 2.26,− 1.01)*

< 0.001

94.0

16.71

< 0.001

 

Total

7

− 0.75 (− 1.65,0.15)

0.10

88.4

51.52

< 0.001

 

HOMA-IR

       

Oral

4

0.04 (− 0.3,0.39)

0.8

69.9

9.97

0.019

< 0.001

PN

1

− 5.21 (− 6.58,− 3.92)*

< 0.001

 

Total

5

− 1.38 (− 2.92,0.15)

0.07

94

66.78

< 0.001

 

QUIKI

       

Oral

2

0.13 (− 0.34,0.6)

0.59

0.0

0.90

0.34

0.42

PN

1

0.45 (-.18,1.08)

0.16

 

Total

3

0.24 (− 0.13,0.62)

0.20

0.0

1.54

0.46

 

TG

       

Oral

2

− 0.16 (− 0.65,0.33)

0.52

0.0

0.02

0.89

PN

1

− 0.05 (− 0.54,0.43)

 

Total

3

− 0.11 (− 0.46,0.24)

0.54

0.0

0.11

0.94

 

CRP

       

Oral

2

− 0.57 (− 1.16,0.02 )

0.058

0.0

0.05

0.82

< 0.001

PN

1

− 0.6 (− 1.17,− 0.025)*

 

Total

3

− 0.58 (− 0.1,− 0.17)*

0.005

0.0

0.06

0.97

 

IL-6

       

Oral

2

0.40 (− 0.17,0.98 )

0.17

59.1

2.45

0.12

PN

1

0.084 (− 0.48,0.64)

 

Total

3

0.24 (− 0.16,0.64)

0.24

34.5

3.05

0.22

 

GSH

       

Oral

2

− 0.06 (− 0.63,0.51 )

0.83

0

0.52

0.47

IL-1

       

Oral

1

− 1.06 (− 1.83,− 0.30)*

PN

1

− 0.18 (− 0.75,0.38)

 

Total

2

− 0.58 (− 1.44,0.27)

0.18

69.5

3.27

0.07

 

TNF-α

       

Oral

1

0.57 (− 0.15,1.31 )

PN

1

0.0 (− 0.56,0.56 )

 

Total

2

0.21 (− 0.23,0.66)

0.35

33.0

1.49

0.22

 
  1. *Statistically significant
  2. PN: parenteral nutrition; FBS: fasting blood sugar; HOMA-IR: homeostasis model of assessment-estimated insulin resistance; QUIKI: quantitative insulin sensitivity check index; CRP: C-reactive protein; IL: Interleukin; GSH: Glutathione; TNF-α: Tumor necrosis factor alpha; HbA1c: hemoglobin A1c; TG: Triglycerides