No. of study | Pooled SMD (95% CI) | P value | Heterogeneity assessment | P for between subgroup heterogeneity | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
I2 | Q test | P value | |||||
FBS | |||||||
Oral | 5 | − 0.56 (− 0.89,− 0.23)* | 0.001 | 75.8 | 16.54 | 0.002 | 0.088 |
PN | 4 | − 0.16 (− 0.48,0.16) | 0.33 | 90.2 | 30.72 | < 0.001 | |
Total | 9 | − 0.73 (− 1.35,− 0.11)* | 0.02 | 84.1 | 50.17 | < 0.001 | |
Insulin | |||||||
Oral | 5 | 0.07 (-.25,0.39) | 0.66 | 67.3 | 12.23 | 0.016 | < 0.001 |
PN | 2 | − 1.63 (− 2.26,− 1.01)* | < 0.001 | 94.0 | 16.71 | < 0.001 | |
Total | 7 | − 0.75 (− 1.65,0.15) | 0.10 | 88.4 | 51.52 | < 0.001 | |
HOMA-IR | |||||||
Oral | 4 | 0.04 (− 0.3,0.39) | 0.8 | 69.9 | 9.97 | 0.019 | < 0.001 |
PN | 1 | − 5.21 (− 6.58,− 3.92)* | < 0.001 | – | – | – | |
Total | 5 | − 1.38 (− 2.92,0.15) | 0.07 | 94 | 66.78 | < 0.001 | |
QUIKI | |||||||
Oral | 2 | 0.13 (− 0.34,0.6) | 0.59 | 0.0 | 0.90 | 0.34 | 0.42 |
PN | 1 | 0.45 (-.18,1.08) | 0.16 | – | – | – | |
Total | 3 | 0.24 (− 0.13,0.62) | 0.20 | 0.0 | 1.54 | 0.46 | |
TG | |||||||
Oral | 2 | − 0.16 (− 0.65,0.33) | 0.52 | 0.0 | 0.02 | 0.89 | – |
PN | 1 | − 0.05 (− 0.54,0.43) | – | – | – | – | |
Total | 3 | − 0.11 (− 0.46,0.24) | 0.54 | 0.0 | 0.11 | 0.94 | |
CRP | |||||||
Oral | 2 | − 0.57 (− 1.16,0.02 ) | 0.058 | 0.0 | 0.05 | 0.82 | < 0.001 |
PN | 1 | − 0.6 (− 1.17,− 0.025)* | – | – | – | – | |
Total | 3 | − 0.58 (− 0.1,− 0.17)* | 0.005 | 0.0 | 0.06 | 0.97 | |
IL-6 | |||||||
Oral | 2 | 0.40 (− 0.17,0.98 ) | 0.17 | 59.1 | 2.45 | 0.12 | – |
PN | 1 | 0.084 (− 0.48,0.64) | – | – | – | – | |
Total | 3 | 0.24 (− 0.16,0.64) | 0.24 | 34.5 | 3.05 | 0.22 | |
GSH | |||||||
Oral | 2 | − 0.06 (− 0.63,0.51 ) | 0.83 | 0 | 0.52 | 0.47 | – |
IL-1 | |||||||
Oral | 1 | − 1.06 (− 1.83,− 0.30)* | – | – | – | – | – |
PN | 1 | − 0.18 (− 0.75,0.38) | – | – | – | – | |
Total | 2 | − 0.58 (− 1.44,0.27) | 0.18 | 69.5 | 3.27 | 0.07 | |
TNF-α | |||||||
Oral | 1 | 0.57 (− 0.15,1.31 ) | – | – | – | – | – |
PN | 1 | 0.0 (− 0.56,0.56 ) | – | – | – | – | |
Total | 2 | 0.21 (− 0.23,0.66) | 0.35 | 33.0 | 1.49 | 0.22 |