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Table 3 Univariate and multivariate analysis for factors associated with QTc prolongation

From: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and QTc prolongation

Clinical factors

Univariate analysis

Multivariate analysis

Odds ratio

95% confidence interval

P value

Odds ratio

95% confidence interval

P value

Age

1.03

1.01–1.04

0.003

1.01

0.99–1.04

0.210

Female sex

0.78

0.45–1.36

0.384

–

–

–

Hypertension

1.52

0.81–2.85

0.194

–

–

–

Diabetes mellitus

1.63

0.94–2.84

0.083

–

–

–

Cardiovascular disease

2.65

1.51–4.66

0.001

1.58

0.47–5.38

0.464

Ischemic heart disease

2.04

1.08–3.85

0.027

0.81

0.25–2.66

0.730

CHFrEF

1.97

0.62–6.24

0.248

–

–

–

CHFpEF

2.30

1.01–5.23

0.047

1.03

0.31–3.44

0.965

Atrial fibrillation

2.15

0.96–4.86

0.065

–

–

–

Chronic kidney disease

2.72

1.33–5.57

0.006

1.37

0.55–3.42

0.495

ESRD on HD

9.05

2.33–35.16

0.001

7.70

1.63–36.25

0.010

Peak creatinine

1.17

1.04–1.32

0.008

–

–

–

Chronic liver disease

2.81

0.91–8.66

0.073

–

–

–

Home medication

      

ACEi

0.38

0.17–0.84

0.017

0.24

0.09–0.63

0.004

ARBs/ARNi

1.02

0.43–2.38

0.970

–

–

–

Hospital course and clinical outcome

      

EKG findings

      

Atrial fibrillation

1.81

0.76–4.30

0.180

–

–

–

Sustained VT

3.09

0.43–22.36

0.264

–

–

–

New BBB

5.09

2.14–12.09

< 0.001

5.20

1.72–15.67

0.003

Arrhythmia on admission

0.99

0.90–1.08

0.739

–

–

–

Arrhythmia in hospital course

3.00

1.50–6.02

0.002

1.70

0.43–2.67

0.886

High troponin I

2.08

1.11–3.90

0.022

2.11

0.93–4.80

0.982

Abnormal BNP

1.20

0.56–2.57

0.640

–

–

–

High d-dimer

1.98

0.99–3.95

0.055

–

–

–

Type 2 myocardial infarction

2.47

1.07–5.66

0.033

2.71

0.89–8.24

0.079

Death

1.68

0.82–3.41

0.154

–

–

–

Cost of hospitalization

1.00

1.00–1.00

0.658

–

–

–

In hospital: ACEi

0.37

0.12–0.97

0.043

–

–

–

Hydroxychloroquine

2.10

1.20–3.80

0.019

2.49

1.23–5.02

0.028

Azithromycin

3.25

1.44–7.32

0.041

2.87

1.11–9.23

0.045

Hydroxychloroquine AND Azithromycin

5.31

2.53–11.11

0.026

4.14

1.09–15.72

0.037

> 1 QT prolonging drug

3.03

1.70–5.40

< 0.001

–

–

–

  1. CHFpEF = congestive heart failure with preserved ejection fraction, CHFrEF = congestive heart failure with reduced ejection, ARNI = angiotensin receptor-neprilysin inhibitor, ESRD on HD = end stage renal disease on hemodialysis, VT = ventricular tachycardia, BBB = bundle branch block (complete left or right),
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BMC Cardiovascular Disorders

ISSN: 1471-2261

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