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Table 2 Patient outcomes and laboratory studies during hospitalization, and comparison of patients with and without QTc prolongation on EKG

From: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and QTc prolongation

Clinical course/outcome

All patients (N = 279)

QTc prolongation (N = 69)

No QTc prolongation (N = 210)

P value

Longest QTc measurement (msec)

446 ± 37

492 ± 27.2 (462–600)

431 ± 25.7 (294–471)

< 0.001

Cardiac arrest, n (%)

1 (0.4)

0

1 (0.5)

0.566

EKG & cardiac rhythm abnormalities

    

Atrial fibrillation, n (%)

25 (9)

9 (13)

16 (8)

0.175

Sustained VT, n (%)

4 (1)

2 (3)

2 (1)

0.240

1st degree heart block, n (%)

6 (2)

4 (6)

2 (1)

0.016

2nd (Type 2) or 3rd degree heart block, n (%)

2 (1)

1 (1)

1 (1)

0.406

New left or right bundle branch block, n (%)

24 (9)

14 (20)

10 (5)

< 0.001

Abnormal EKG, n (%)

102 (37)

58 (84)

44 (21)

< 0.001

Any arrhythmia, n (%)

40 (14)

18 (26)

22 (11)

0.001

High troponin I, n (%)

58 (22)

21 (32)

37 (18)

0.021

Troponin I peak (ng/mL)

0.34 ± 1.50

0.86 ± 2.60

0.16 ± 0.88

0.001

Abnormal BNP, n (%)

45 (30)

14 (33)

31 (28)

0.640

BNP peak (pg/mL)

185 ± 299

277 ± 427

154 ± 236

0.064

High d-dimer, n (%)

193 (73)

54 (82)

139 (70)

0.052

D-dimer peak (ng/mL)

3254 ± 8868

3979 ± 9035

3019 ± 8824

0.463

Acute myocardial infarction (not Type 2), n (%)

2 (1)

0 (0)

2 (1)

0.416

Type 2 myocardial infarction, n (%)

26 (9)

11 (16)

15 (7)

0.029

Acute kidney injury, n (%)

111 (40)

34 (49)

77 (37)

0.063

Peak creatinine (mg/dL)

1.85 ± 2.15

2.50 ± 2.90

1.60 ± 1.80

0.004

New HD or CVVHD, n (%)

7 (3)

2 (3)

5 (2)

0.811

Hypokalemia, n (%)

44 (16)

15 (22)

29 (14)

0.117

Hypomagnesemia, n (%)

39 (14)

11 (16)

18 (13)

0.558

Invasive ventilation, n (%)

52 (19)

14 (20)

38 (18)

0.685

Shock of any type, n (%)

45 (16)

10 (15)

35 (17)

0.692

ARDS, n (%)

43 (16)

5 (7)

38 (18)

0.032

Ischemic Stroke, n (%)

2 (1)

0 (0)

2 (1)

0.415

DVT and/or PE, n (%)

11 (4)

2 (3)

9 (4)

0.603

Death, n (%)

42 (15)

14 (21)

28 (13)

0.151

Discharge

    

Home, n (%)

74 (62)

33 (48)

141 (67)

0.023

SNF, n (%)

60 (22)

21 (30)

39 (19)

 

LOS (days)

9 ± 9

10 ± 11

9 ± 8

0.572

Cost of hospitalization (US dollars)

92,973 ± 125,980

94,889 ± 126,219

87,142 ± 125,990

0.658

Hydroxychloroquine, n (%)

177 (63)

52 (75)

125 (59)

0.018

Azithromycin, n (%)

27 (10)

13 (18)

14 (7)

0.034

Hydroxychloroquine AND Azithromycin, n (%)

35 (13)

20 (29)

15(7)

< 0.001

> 1 QT prolonging drug, n (%)

108 (39)

41 (59)

67 (32)

< 0.001

In hospital: ACEi/ARNI, n (%)

42 (15)

5 (7)

37 (18)

0.037

In hospital: ARBs, n (%)

32 (12)

9 (13)

23 (11)

0.636

  1. SI units for BNP (pmol/L) = ng/mL * 3.46
  2. SI units for creatinine (μmol/L) = mg/dL * 88.4
  3. SI units for troponin I (μg/L) = ng/ml * 1
  4. ARNI = angiotensin receptor-neprilysin inhibitor, VT = ventricular tachycardia, ARDS = acute respiratory distress syndrome, PE = pulmonary embolism, HD = hemodialysis, CVVD = continuous venovenous hemodialysis, SNF = skilled nursing facility, LOS = length of stay