Table 7 Personal and clinical attributes associated with subtypes of dyslipidaemia

Age (years)

30–39

40–49

50–59

 ≥ 60

1.00

1.28 (1.09–1.50)

1.78 (1.50–2.10)

1.58 (1.31–1.90)

1.00

1.25 (1.07–1.46)

1.54 (1.31–1.82)

1.42 (1.18–1.71)

1.00

1.05 (0.88–1.25)

1.15 (0.96–1.38)

1.00 (0.82–1.21)

1.00

0.93 (0.78–1.09)

0.81 (0.68–0.96)

0.67 (0.55–0.81)

1.00

1.21 (1.03–1.42)

1.50 (1.27–1.77)

1.30 (1.08–1.57)

Gender

Male

Female

1.00

1.12 (1.00–1.26)

1.00

0.98 (0.87–1.09)

1.00

0.62 (0.55–0.70)

1.00

1.14 (1.02–1.29)

1.00

0.79 (0.71–0.88)

Ethnicity

Malay

Chinese

Indian

Indigenous

1.00

0.70 (0.60–0.83)

0.60 (0.45–0.80)

0.27 (0.23–0.32)

1.00

0.58 (0.49–0.68)

0.61 (0.46–0.81)

0.29 (0.25–0.34)

1.00

0.92 (0.77–1.11)

0.90 (0.66–1.23)

0.88 (0.75–1.03)

1.00

0.55 (0.45–0.67)

1.28 (0.95–1.72)

2.42 (2.08–2.81)

1.00

0.60 (0.51–0.71)

0.63 (0.47–0.84)

0.33 (0.28–0.39)

Educational attainment

No formal

Primary

Secondary

Tertiary

1.00

1.06 (0.91–1.24)

1.07 (0.91–1.26)

1.04 (0.85–1.27)

1.00

1.04 (0.90–1.21)

1.02 (0.87–1.20)

0.99 (0.81–1.20)

1.00

0.78 (0.67–0.91)

0.76 (0.65–0.90)

0.75 (0.62–0.92)

1.00

0.76 (0.65–0.88)

0.71 (0.61–0.84)

0.60 (0.49–0.73)

1.00

0.98 (0.84–1.14)

0.88 (0.75–1.04)

0.86 (0.71–1.05)

Location

Urban

Rural

1.00

0.95 (0.85–1.07)

1.00

0.84 (0.75–0.95)

1.00

1.39 (1.24–1.57)

1.00

0.99 (0.88–1.11)

1.00

1.01 (0.90–1.13)

Smoking

Non-smoker

Previous smoker

Current smoker

1.00

1.03 (0.87–1.22)

1.06 (0.91–1.25)

1.00

1.00 (0.85–1.17)

1.14 (0.98–1.33)

1.00

1.04 (0.88–1.22)

1.49 (1.27–1.74)

1.00

1.11 (0.95–1.31)

1.76 (1.50–2.06)

1.00

1.01 (0.86–1.19)

1.25 (1.06–1.46)

Body mass index

Normal

Underweight

Overweight

Obese

1.00

0.61 (0.48–0.78)

1.36 (1.20–1.54)

1.36 (1.19–1.56)

1.00

0.55 (0.43–0.71)

1.45 (1.29–1.64)

1.43 (1.26–1.63)

1.00

0.72 (0.53–0.98)

1.67 (1.46–1.91)

2.34 (2.03–2.70)

1.00

1.04 (0.79–1.37)

1.65 (1.44–1.89)

2.51 (2.17–2.89)

1.00

0.53 (0.41–0.69)

1.66 (1.47–1.87)

1.91 (1.67–2.18)

Waist-hip ratio

Normal

Abdominal obesity

1.00

1.17 (1.05–1.30)

1.00

1.12 (1.01–1.23)

1.00

1.86 (1.67–2.06)

1.00

1.62 (1.46–1.80)

1.00

1.33 (1.21–1.48)

Diabetes mellitus

No

Yes

1.00

0.89 (0.78–1.02)

1.00

0.78 (0.69–0.89)

1.00

1.90 (1.67–2.16)

1.00

1.34 (1.18–1.53)

1.00

1.06 (0.93–1.21)

Hypertension

No

Yes

1.00

1.16 (1.04–1.28)

1.00

1.10 (1.00–1.21)

1.00

1.36 (1.23–1.51)

1.00

0.95 (0.85–1.05)

1.00

1.20 (1.09–1.33)