|
Age (years) (± SD)
|
52.7 (± 11.1)
|
|
Age groups (years) (n,%)
|
|
30–39
|
1207 (11.5)
|
|
40–49
|
3196 (30.5)
|
|
50–59
|
3277 (31.3)
|
|
≥ 60
|
2802 (26.7)
|
|
Gender (n,%)
|
|
Male
|
4538 (43.3)
|
|
Female
|
5944 (56.7)
|
|
Ethnicity (n,%)
|
|
Malay
|
7642 (72.9)
|
|
Chinese
|
1049 (10.0)
|
|
Indian
|
276 (2.6)
|
|
Indigenous
|
1515 (14.5)
|
|
Education attainment (ni,%)
|
|
No formal education
|
1499 (15.8)
|
|
Primary school
|
2589 (27.3)
|
|
Secondary school
|
3628 (38.3)
|
|
Tertiary
|
1762 (18.6)
|
|
Location (n,%)
|
|
Urban
|
5262 (50.2)
|
|
Rural
|
5220 (49.8)
|
|
Smoking status (nii,%)
|
|
Non-smoker
|
7431 (75.7)
|
|
Ex-smoker
|
1080 (11.0)
|
|
Current smoker
|
1307 (13.3)
|
|
Diabetes mellitus (n,%)
|
|
No
|
8902 (84.9)
|
|
Yes
|
1580 (15.1)
|
|
Hypertension (n,%)
|
|
No
|
5663 (54.0)
|
|
Yes
|
4819 (46.0)
|
|
Self-reported cardiovascular disease (n,%)
|
|
No
|
10,039 (95.8)
|
|
Yes
|
443 (4.2)
|
|
Body mass index (kg/m2) (niv,%)
|
|
Underweight (< 18.5)
|
385 (3.9)
|
|
Normal (< 22.9)
|
2377 (24.0)
|
|
Overweight (23–27.4)
|
3814 (38.5)
|
|
Obese (> 27.4)
|
3326 (33.6)
|
|
Waist-hip ratio (nV,%)
|
|
Normal
|
4303 (43.7)
|
|
Abdominal obesity (Male ≥ 0.90; female ≥ 0.85)
|
5539 (56.3)
|
