Sociodemographic and clinical characteristics | |
---|---|
Age (years) (± SD) | 52.7 (± 11.1) |
Age groups (years) (n,%) | |
30–39 | 1207 (11.5) |
40–49 | 3196 (30.5) |
50–59 | 3277 (31.3) |
≥ 60 | 2802 (26.7) |
Gender (n,%) | |
Male | 4538 (43.3) |
Female | 5944 (56.7) |
Ethnicity (n,%) | |
Malay | 7642 (72.9) |
Chinese | 1049 (10.0) |
Indian | 276 (2.6) |
Indigenous | 1515 (14.5) |
Education attainment (ni,%) | |
No formal education | 1499 (15.8) |
Primary school | 2589 (27.3) |
Secondary school | 3628 (38.3) |
Tertiary | 1762 (18.6) |
Location (n,%) | |
Urban | 5262 (50.2) |
Rural | 5220 (49.8) |
Smoking status (nii,%) | |
Non-smoker | 7431 (75.7) |
Ex-smoker | 1080 (11.0) |
Current smoker | 1307 (13.3) |
Diabetes mellitus (n,%) | |
No | 8902 (84.9) |
Yes | 1580 (15.1) |
Hypertension (n,%) | |
No | 5663 (54.0) |
Yes | 4819 (46.0) |
Self-reported cardiovascular disease (n,%) | |
No | 10,039 (95.8) |
Yes | 443 (4.2) |
Body mass index (kg/m2) (niv,%) | |
Underweight (< 18.5) | 385 (3.9) |
Normal (< 22.9) | 2377 (24.0) |
Overweight (23–27.4) | 3814 (38.5) |
Obese (> 27.4) | 3326 (33.6) |
Waist-hip ratio (nV,%) | |
Normal | 4303 (43.7) |
Abdominal obesity (Male ≥ 0.90; female ≥ 0.85) | 5539 (56.3) |