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Table 2 Relationship of ambulatory blood pressure parameters to systolic blood pressure dipping status

From: The relationship between ambulatory arterial stiffness, inflammation, blood pressure dipping and cardiovascular outcomes

Characteristic

Normal dippers

Non dippers

Reverse dippers

p value

24 h ABPM averages

    

Systolic blood pressure, mmHg

129.6 ± 14.1

133.9 ± 15.6

135.4 ± 15.9

0.002ab

Diastolic blood pressure, mmHg

77.0 ± 9.7

76.1 ± 10.6

74.3 ± 11.7

0.18

Mean arterial blood pressure, mmHg

95.1 ± 9.8

96.3 ± 10.5

95.8 ± 11.8

0.49

Pulse pressure, mmHg

52.6 ± 11.8

57.8 ± 13.3

61.2 ± 10.9

< 0.0001ab

Day-time averages

    

Systolic blood pressure, mmHg

135.4 ± 14.9

135.9 ± 15.7

134.0 ± 15.9

0.71

Diastolic blood pressure, mmHg

81.3 ± 10.3

77.9 ± 10.6

74.2 ± 11.8

< 0.0001ab

Mean arterial pressure, mmHg

99.9 ± 10.4

98.1 ± 10.5

95.3 ± 12.0

0.008b

Pulse pressure, mmHg

54.1 ± 12.60

57.9 ± 13.5

59.8 ± 10.7

0.0009ab

Night-time averages

    

Systolic blood pressure, mmHg

114.2 ± 12.0

128.1 ± 15.2

139.9 ± 16.3

< 0.0001abc

Diastolic blood pressure, mmHg

65.6 ± 8.6

70.3 ± 9.7

74.7 ± 11.4

< 0.0001abc

Mean arterial pressure, mmHg

82.7 ± 8.8

90.9 ± 10.3

97.6 ± 11.6

< 0.0001abc

Pulse pressure, mmHg

48.7 ± 10.7

57.8 ± 12.8

65.2 ± 12.7

< 0.0001abc

Systolic blood pressure dip, %

14.2 [12.2–18.4]

6.0 [3.2 to 8.3]

− 3.8 [− 6.6 to − .2]

< 0.0001abc

AASI

0.39 ± 0.16

0.48 ± 0.17

0.56 ± 0.16

< 0.0001abc

  1. ABPM Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring; AASI, Ambulatory arterial stiffness index
  2. p values refer to the results of overall comparison between the three groups: 1. normal dippers, 2. non-dippers and 3. reverse dippers. Significant difference on post hoc tests: a. Normal vs. non-dippers, b. Normal vs. reverse-dippers, c. Non vs. reverse-dippers