Table 1 Relationship between baseline demographics, cardiovascular risk factors and blood marker with blood pressure dipping status
Characteristic | Normal-dippers | Non-dippers | Reverse-dippers | p value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Number (% | 237 (46.7%) | 214 (42.1%) | 57 (11.2%) | Â |
Age, years | 56.3 ± 13.9 | 60.5 ± 13.3 | 62.6 ± 15.4 | 0.0006ab |
Male sex (%) | 120 (50.6%) | 99 (46.3%) | 29 (50.9%) | 0.61 |
Height, cm | 168.7 ± 10.9 | 168.5 ± 9.7 | 168.6 ± 11.7 | 0.98 |
Weight, kg | 81.9 ± 18.0 | 82.4 ± 19.6 | 86.6 ± 24.0 | 0.27 |
Body mass index, kg/m2 | 28.8 ± 5.5 | 29.0 ± 6.1 | 30.3 ± 6.5 | 0.26 |
Coronary artery disease | 43 (18.1%) | 44 (20.6%) | 15 (26.3%) | 0.37 |
Heart failure | 6 (2.5%) | 9 (4.2%) | 8 (14.0%) | 0.0008 |
Peripheral vascular disease | 9 (3.8%) | 5 (2.3%) | 11 (19.3%) | < 0.0001 |
Diabetes mellitus | 24 (10.1%) | 43 (20.1%) | 19 (33.3%) | < 0.0001 |
Previous stroke /TIA | 21 (8.8%) | 11 (5.1%) | 8 (14.0%) | 0.06 |
Known hypertension | 155 (65.4%) | 143 (66.8%) | 44 (77.2%) | 0.23 |
Current/ex-smokers | 98 (41.4%) | 96 (44.9%) | 29 (50.9%) | 0.40 |
Ejection fraction, % | 59.8 ± 8.2 | 59.2 ± 9.6 | 57.5 ± 9.0 | 0.27 |
Haemoglobin g/l | 141.3 ± 14.9 | 138.4 ± 15.0 | 136.5 ± 14.9 | 0.051 |
Neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio | 2.1 [1.6–2.9] | 2.3 [0.7–3.4] | 2.6 [2.0–3.9] | < 0.0001ab |
Platelet/lymphocyte ratio | 145.3 ± 75.8 | 154.7 ± 70.5 | 167.2 ± 92.2 | 0.11 |
Monocyte/lymphocyte ratio | 0.32 ± 0.16 | 0.33 ± 0.17 | 0.37 ± 0.18 | 0.13 |
Creatinine clearance | 76.8 ± 26.7 | 72.1 ± 28.1 | 70.5 ± 37.3 | 0.016b |
Total cholesterol, mmol/l | 4.9 ± 1.1 | 4.7 ± 1.2 | 4.6 ± 1.0 | 0.18 |
HDL cholesterol, mmol/l | 1.56 ± 0.5 | 1.49 ± 0.5 | 1.38 ± 0.4 | 0.037b |
Triglycerides, mmol/l | 1.52 ± 0.9 | 1.57 ± 0.9 | 1.73 ± 1.0 | 0.17 |
HBA1c, mmol/mol | 41.2 ± 12.1 | 43.9 ± 12.6 | 49.39 ± 21.3 | 0.0008bc |
MACE events | 15 (6.3%) | 15 (7.0%) | 9 (15.8%) | 0.049 |