|
Characteristic
|
Normal-dippers
|
Non-dippers
|
Reverse-dippers
|
p value
|
|---|
|
Number (%
|
237 (46.7%)
|
214 (42.1%)
|
57 (11.2%)
| |
|
Age, years
|
56.3 ± 13.9
|
60.5 ± 13.3
|
62.6 ± 15.4
|
0.0006ab
|
|
Male sex (%)
|
120 (50.6%)
|
99 (46.3%)
|
29 (50.9%)
|
0.61
|
|
Height, cm
|
168.7 ± 10.9
|
168.5 ± 9.7
|
168.6 ± 11.7
|
0.98
|
|
Weight, kg
|
81.9 ± 18.0
|
82.4 ± 19.6
|
86.6 ± 24.0
|
0.27
|
|
Body mass index, kg/m2
|
28.8 ± 5.5
|
29.0 ± 6.1
|
30.3 ± 6.5
|
0.26
|
|
Coronary artery disease
|
43 (18.1%)
|
44 (20.6%)
|
15 (26.3%)
|
0.37
|
|
Heart failure
|
6 (2.5%)
|
9 (4.2%)
|
8 (14.0%)
|
0.0008
|
|
Peripheral vascular disease
|
9 (3.8%)
|
5 (2.3%)
|
11 (19.3%)
|
< 0.0001
|
|
Diabetes mellitus
|
24 (10.1%)
|
43 (20.1%)
|
19 (33.3%)
|
< 0.0001
|
|
Previous stroke /TIA
|
21 (8.8%)
|
11 (5.1%)
|
8 (14.0%)
|
0.06
|
|
Known hypertension
|
155 (65.4%)
|
143 (66.8%)
|
44 (77.2%)
|
0.23
|
|
Current/ex-smokers
|
98 (41.4%)
|
96 (44.9%)
|
29 (50.9%)
|
0.40
|
|
Ejection fraction, %
|
59.8 ± 8.2
|
59.2 ± 9.6
|
57.5 ± 9.0
|
0.27
|
|
Haemoglobin g/l
|
141.3 ± 14.9
|
138.4 ± 15.0
|
136.5 ± 14.9
|
0.051
|
|
Neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio
|
2.1 [1.6–2.9]
|
2.3 [0.7–3.4]
|
2.6 [2.0–3.9]
|
< 0.0001ab
|
|
Platelet/lymphocyte ratio
|
145.3 ± 75.8
|
154.7 ± 70.5
|
167.2 ± 92.2
|
0.11
|
|
Monocyte/lymphocyte ratio
|
0.32 ± 0.16
|
0.33 ± 0.17
|
0.37 ± 0.18
|
0.13
|
|
Creatinine clearance
|
76.8 ± 26.7
|
72.1 ± 28.1
|
70.5 ± 37.3
|
0.016b
|
|
Total cholesterol, mmol/l
|
4.9 ± 1.1
|
4.7 ± 1.2
|
4.6 ± 1.0
|
0.18
|
|
HDL cholesterol, mmol/l
|
1.56 ± 0.5
|
1.49 ± 0.5
|
1.38 ± 0.4
|
0.037b
|
|
Triglycerides, mmol/l
|
1.52 ± 0.9
|
1.57 ± 0.9
|
1.73 ± 1.0
|
0.17
|
|
HBA1c, mmol/mol
|
41.2 ± 12.1
|
43.9 ± 12.6
|
49.39 ± 21.3
|
0.0008bc
|
|
MACE events
|
15 (6.3%)
|
15 (7.0%)
|
9 (15.8%)
|
0.049
|
- TIA, transient ischaemic attack; HBA1c Glycosylated haemoglobin; HDL, high density lipoprotein
- p values refer to the results of overall comparison between the three groups: 1. Normal dippers, 2. Non-dippers and 3. Reverse-dippers. Significant difference on post hoc tests a. normal vs. non dippers, b. normal vs. reverse dippers, c. non vs. reverse dippers
