Combined effect of menopause and cardiovascular risk factors on death and cardiovascular disease: a cohort study

Table 3 Hazard ratios and 95%CIs for death and cardiovascular events associated with age at menopause (three groups) in women

Age at menopause	Women	Events	Woman-years	Events per 1000 person-years	Adjusted HR (95% CI)	P value^a
Death
< 50 years old	950	74	23,987	3.1	1.85 (1.16, 2.94)	0.01
50–51 years old	506	25	13,088	1.9	1.00 (reference)	< 0.001
> 51 years old	648	25	16,767	1.5	0.79 (0.45, 1.37)	0.40
Cardiovascular disease
< 50 years old	950	91	23,093	3.9	1.24 (0.87, 1.77)	0.23
50–51 years old	506	49	12,611	3.9	1.00 (reference)	0.17
> 51 years old	648	56	16,270	3.4	0.91 (0.62, 1.34)	0.63
Fatal cardiovascular disease
< 50 years old	950	17	23,903	0.7	1.11 (0.51, 2.41)	0.79
50–51 years old	506	11	13,038	0.8	1.00 (reference)	0.10
> 51 years old	648	5	16,747	0.3	0.38 (0.13, 1.08)	0.07
Ischemic cardiovascular disease
< 50 years old	950	83	23,147	3.6	1.35 (0.92, 1.96)	0.12
50–51 years old	506	42	12,697	3.3	1.00 (reference)	0.13
> 51 years old	648	51	16,316	3.1	0.97 (0.65, 1.47)	0.90
Coronary heart disease
< 50 years old	950	38	23,744	1.6	0.93 (0.56, 1.56)	0.79
50–51 years old	506	25	12,927	1.9	1.00 (reference)	0.31
> 51 years old	648	21	16,652	1.3	0.65 (0.36, 1.17)	0.15
Stroke
< 50 years old	950	57	23,341	2.4	1.55 (0.97, 2.48)	0.07
50–51 years old	506	26	12,804	2.0	1.00 (reference)	0.10
> 51 years old	648	34	16,397	2.1	1.06 (0.64, 1.78)	0.81
Ischemic stroke
< 50 years old	950	50	23,373	2.1	2.08 (1.20, 3.59)	0.01
50–51 years old	506	18	12,857	1.4	1.00 (reference)	0.02
> 51 years old	648	30	16,431	1.8	1.37 (0.76, 2.47)	0.29
Hemorrhagic stroke
< 50 years old	950	9	23,953	0.4	0.67 (0.26, 1.72)	0.40
50–51 years old	506	9	13,032	0.7	1.00 (reference)	0.21
> 51 years old	648	4	16,733	0.2	0.34 (0.10, 1.12)	0.08

Model adjusted for: time-varying covariates including menopause, use of oral estrogen owing to menopause, body mass index, smoking, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, fasting glucose, total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein cholesterol, high density lipoprotein cholesterol, and triglyceride; baseline covariates including age, family history of cardiovascular disease, and white blood cell count
HR hazard ratio, CI confidence interval
^aP values derived from Cox regression model for non-proportional hazards

ISSN: 1471-2261