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Table 1 Characteristics of patients with and without left ventricular pressure gradient

From: Left intraventricular pressure gradient in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy patients receiving implantable cardioverter-defibrillators for primary prevention

 

With IVPG of ≥ 30 mmHg

(n = 30)

Without IVPG of ≥ 30 mmHg

(n = 30)

P-value

Age (years)

56 ± 13

54 ± 18

0.55

Male

20 (67%)

22 (73%)

0.78

NYHA functional class I/II/III

14/13/3

17/13/0

0.19

NSVT

26 (87%)

22 (73%)

0.33

Unexplained syncope

11 (37%)

14 (47%)

0.60

Family history of sudden death

10 (33%)

9 (30%)

1.00

Abnormal BP response during exercise

6 (20%)

7 (23%)

1.00

Maximum LV wall thickness ≥ 30 mm

4 (13%)

3 (10%)

1.00

Number of major conventional risk factors

  

0.21

1

12 (40%)

10 (33%)

 

2

9 (30%)

16 (53%)

 

3

8 (27%)

4 (13%)

 

4

1 (3%)

0

 

HCM risk-SCD score

5-year risk (%)

5.3 (3.1–8.1)

4.0 (3.0–5.9)

0.14

Category*

  

0.38

High risk

12 (40%)

6 (20%)

 

Intermediate risk

7 (23%)

9 (30%)

 

Low risk

11 (37%)

15 (50%)

 

Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging

(n = 23)

(n = 17)

 

LGE-positive

19 (83%)

15 (88%)

1.00

LV mass (g)

112 ± 44

107 ± 44

0.72

Electrophysiological study

(n = 15)

(n = 23)

 

Inducible VT or VF

8 (53%)

6 (26%)

0.49

Portion of LV obstruction

Outflow tract

18 (60%)

  

Mid-ventricle

12 (40%)

  

Echocardiographic parameters

Left atrial dimension (mm)

37 ± 6

41 ± 9

0.10

LV end-diastolic dimension (mm)

43 ± 7

46 ± 7

0.19

LV end-systolic dimension (mm)

27 ± 7

29 ± 6

0.28

LV ejection fraction (%)

61 ± 11

62 ± 10

0.84

Maximum LV wall thickness (mm)

21 ± 7

19 ± 7

0.20

Implantable cardioverter defibrillator

Subcutaneous type

0

1 (3%)

 

Transvenous type

30 (100%)

29 (97%)

 

 Pacing mode

   

  AAI

0

1 (3%)

 

  VVI

3 (10%)

10 (35%)

 

  DDI

3 (10%)

1 (3%)

 

  DDD

24 (80%)

17 (59%)

 

 RV pacing > 95%

17 (57%)

2 (7%)

 < 0.01

Tachycardia detection setting/therapy setting

 VF zone

30/30

30/30

 

 Fast VT zone

7/7

11/11

 

 VT zone

25/13

24/5

 

Medications

Beta-blockers

27 (90%)

26 (87%)

1.00

Calcium channel blockers

5 (17%)

4 (13%)

1.00

ACE inhibitors/ARBs

7 (23%)

19 (63%)

 < 0.01

Class I antiarrhythmic drugs

11 (37%)

1 (3%)

 < 0.01

Amiodarone

8 (27%)

8 (27%)

1.00

  1. Values are presented as the numbers of patients (%), means ± SD, or median (interquartile range)
  2. ACE, angiotensin-converting enzyme; ARB, angiotensin II receptor blocker; BP, blood pressure; HCM-Risk SCD, a risk prediction model for sudden cardiac death in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy; IVPG, intraventricular pressure gradient; LGE, gadolinium enhancement; LV, left ventricular; NSVT, nonsustained ventricular tachycardia; NYHA, New York Heart Association; RV, right ventricular; VT, ventricular tachycardia; VF, ventricular fibrillation
  3. *High risk: 5-year risk ≥ 6%, Intermediate risk: 5-year risk ≥ 4% and < 6%, Low risk: 5-year risk < 4%