Table 2 Standard echocardiography data of the 3 groups of low-, moderate-, and high-risk CHA2DS2-VASc scores
Variable | Group | P value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
Low-Risk Score (N = 34) | Moderate-Risk Score (N = 83) | High-Risk Score (N = 223) | ||
LVEDV index (mL/m2) | 49 ± 8 | 48 ± 11 | 53 ± 16 | 0.014 |
LVESV index (mL/m2) | 26 (21–29) | 24 (21–29) | 28 (21–36)b | 0.007 |
LVEF (%) | 48 ± 6 | 47 ± 7 | 44 ± 9a,b |  < 0.001 |
LV mass index (g/m2) | 77.5 ± 15.2 | 75.7 ± 17.4 | 85.7 ± 21.9a,b |  < 0.001 |
E (cm/s) | 60 ± 13 | 61 ± 16 | 63 ± 17 | 0.327 |
A (cm/s) | 58 ± 14 | 67 ± 16c | 80 ± 20a,b |  < 0.001 |
E/A ratio | 1.1 ± 0.3 | 0.9 ± 0.3 | 0.8 ± 0.3a,b |  < 0.001 |
DT (ms) | 248 ± 33 | 253 ± 46 | 241 ± 42 | 0.088 |
S (cm/s) | 51 ± 8 | 53 ± 10 | 53 ± 11 | 0.435 |
D (cm/s) | 39 ± 8 | 37 ± 8 | 35 ± 8a | 0.034 |
S/D ratio | 1.3 ± 0.2 | 1.5 ± 0.3c | 1.5 ± 0.3a |  < 0.001 |
Mean s′ (cm/s) | 7.8 ± 1.5 | 7.5 ± 1.4 | 6.9 ± 1.6a,b |  < 0.001 |
Mean e′ (cm/s) | 8.2 ± 2.1 | 7.6 ± 1.7 | 6.5 ± 1.7a,b |  < 0.001 |
Mean a′ (cm/s) | 9.1 ± 1.2 | 9.4 ± 1.4 | 9.1 ± 1.9 | 0.608 |
e′/a′ ratio | 0.9 ± 0.3 | 0.8 ± 0.2 | 0.7 ± 0.2a,b |  < 0.001 |
E/e′ ratio | 7.4 (6.3–8.5) | 7.9 (6.5–9.7) | 9.8 (7.7–12.1)a,b |  < 0.001 |
Maximal LA volume index (mL/m2) | 28 ± 8 | 30 ± 8 | 32 ± 8a,b | 0.003 |
Minimal LA volume (mL/m2) | 10 (8–12) | 11 (8–14) | 12 (9–15)a | 0.001 |
Pre-A LA volume (mL/m2) | 20 ± 6 | 22 ± 6 | 24 ± 7a,b | 0.001 |
LA total emptying fraction (%) | 64 ± 6 | 62 ± 7 | 60 ± 9a | 0.027 |
Expansion index (%) | 188 ± 57 | 169 ± 50 | 163 ± 54a | 0.036 |
LA passive emptying fraction (%) | 28 ± 7 | 26 ± 7 | 25 ± 8 | 0.060 |
Passive emptying percentage of total emptying (%) | 44 ± 9 | 42 ± 10 | 41 ± 11 | 0.264 |
LA active emptying fraction (%) | 50 ± 8 | 50 ± 7 | 47 ± 9 | 0.164 |
Booster active emptying percentage of total emptying (%) | 56 ± 9 | 58 ± 10 | 59 ± 11 | 0.264 |