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Table 4 Multivariate models. Cox proportional hazard regression analyses for predicting outcomes are shown

From: Natural history observations in moderate aortic stenosis

Variables

All patients

Patients without severe morbidities

Any death

Any death/HF hospitalization

Any death

Any death/HF hospitalization

HR

95 % CI

p value

HR

95 % CI

p value

HR

95 % CI

p value

HR

95 % CI

p value

Age (per 1-year)

1.04

1.03–1.05

< 0.001

1.03

1.02–1.05

< 0.001

1.05

1.04–1.06

< 0.001

1.04

1.03–1.05

< 0.001

BSA (per 1 kg/m2)

0.50

0.29–0.85

0.010

0.60

0.37–0.98

0.041

–

–

–

–

–

–

Occurrence of AVR*

0.77

0.49–1.19

0.237

1.00

0.63–1.57

0.986

0.86

0.54–1.36

0.510

0.89

0.55–1.45

0.643

NYHA II

1.39

1.09–1.76

0.007

1.37

1.10–1.70

0.005

1.37

1.06–1.78

0.016

1.29

1.02–1.64

0.034

NYHA III or IV

1.67

1.20–2.31

0.002

1.38

1.01–1.90

0.045

1.72

1.20–2.47

0.003

1.45

1.02–2.04

0.036

Stroke/TIA

1.44

1.14–1.83

0.002

1.32

1.05–1.66

0.016

1.58

1.22–2.03

< 0.001

1.37

1.07–1.75

0.012

Hypertension

–

–

–

1.41

1.10–1.82

0.007

–

–

–

1.35

1.03–1.78

0.031

Diabetes

1.25

1.01–1.54

0.039

1.24

1.02–1.52

0.030

–

–

–

1.26

1.01–1.57

0.040

Chronic lung disease

1.53

1.22–1.91

< 0.001

1.35

1.09–1.68

0.007

1.52

1.17–1.96

0.002

1.44

1.12–1.85

0.004

CKD stage ≥ III

1.43

1.16–1.77

0.001

1.24

1.00-1.53

0.046

1.41

1.12–1.78

0.003

1.33

1.06–1.67

0.014

Anemia

1.60

1.30–1.98

< 0.001

1.50

1.23–1.83

< 0.001

1.64

1.32–2.04

< 0.001

1.45

1.18–1.79

0.001

Liver cirrhosis

3.36

1.75–6.45

< 0.001

2.70

1.41–5.15

0.003

3.48

1.68–7.22

< 0.001

2.22

1.07–4.59

0.032

Dementia

1.85

1.31–2.61

< 0.001

1.77

1.27–2.46

0.001

1.98

1.33–2.95

< 0.001

1.59

1.07–2.35

0.022

Malignancy

11.75

6.89–20.06

< 0.001

7.57

4.50-12.73

< 0.001

–

–

–

–

–

–

Excessive frailty

2.38

1.51–3.76

< 0.001

2.90

1.85–4.56

< 0.001

–

–

–

–

–

–

LV ejection fraction (per 1 %)

0.98

0.98–0.99

0.001

0.98

0.97–0.99

< 0.001

0.98

0.97–0.99

0.002

0.97

0.97–0.98

< 0.001

Peak aortic velocity (per 1 m/s)

1.37

1.13–1.67

0.002

1.37

1.14–1.64

0.001

1.34

1.08–1.67

0.008

1.39

1.14–1.70

0.001

≥ moderate TR

1.47

1.13–1.92

0.005

1.32

1.01–1.72

0.041

1.47

1.09–1.98

0.012

1.43

1.08–1.91

0.014

≥ moderate RV dysfunction

2.58

1.61–4.16

< 0.001

2.03

1.27–3.24

0.003

2.59

1.46–4.60

0.001

1.73

1.00–2.99

0.051

  1. *AVR as a time-dependent variable. AVR, aortic valve replacement; BSA, body mass index; CI, confidence interval; CKD, chronic kidney disease; HF, heart failure; HR, hazard ratio; LV, left ventricular; NYHA, New York Heart Association; RV, right ventricular; SV, stroke volume; TIA, transient ischemic attack; TR, tricuspid regurgitation