Skip to main content

Table 2 Cox proportional hazards model for time to first of MI/Unstable angina/PCI/CABG during 21 years of follow-up

From: Multi-modality biomarkers in the early prediction of ischaemic heart disease in middle-aged men during a 21-year follow-up

 

Univariable model

Gradient of risk (standardized Hazard ratio by 1 SD)

Predictors

 

n (%) events

N

Hazard ratio (95% CI)

p-value

PH p value

SD

Hazard ratio (95% CI)

Effect ordering

Total cholesterol (mmol/L)

Risk by 1 unit increase

97 (13.1%)

739

1.34 (1.11–1.61)

0.0022

0.70

1.04

1.35 (1.12–1.64)

5

Hyperlipidemia

No hyperlipidemia

56 (11.8%)

739

      
 

Hyperlipidemia

41 (15.6%)

1.34 (0.89–2.00)

0.16

0.44

0.48

1.15 (0.95–1.39)

 

HDL cholesterol (mmol/L)

Risk by 0.2 units decrease

91 (12.8%)

710

1.45 (1.24–1.69)

 < .0001

0.0013 Neg

0.34

1.89 (1.45–2.45)

1

Systolic BP (mmHg)

Risk by 1 unit increase

97 (13.2%)

736

1.02 (1.01–1.03)

0.0006

0.78

17.25

1.36 (1.14–1.63)

4

Diastolic BP (mmHg)

Risk by 1 unit increase

97 (13.2%)

736

1.03 (1.01–1.05)

0.0024

0.51

10.61

1.34 (1.11–1.63)

6

Hypertension

No hypertension

41 (9.2%)

739

      
 

Hypertension

56 (19.2%)

2.30 (1.53–3.44)

 < .0001

0.54

0.49

1.50 (1.23–1.83)

2

Smoking

Non-smoker

60 (11.7%)

739

      
 

Smoker

37 (16.2%)

1.54 (1.02–2.32)

0.040

0.062

0.46

1.22 (1.01–1.47)

13

BMI (kg/m2)

Risk by 1 unit increase

97 (13.1%)

739

1.07 (1.01–1.13)

0.018

0.21

3.42

1.25 (1.04–1.50)

11

Fasting plasma glucose (mmol/L)

Risk by 1 unit increase

97 (13.2%)

736

1.17 (1.05–1.30)

0.0040

0.43

1.26

1.22 (1.06–1.39)

12

Physical activity

Moderate or regular exercise

77 (12.3%)

739

      
 

Sedentary leisure time

20 (17.9%)

1.50 (0.92–2.45)

0.11

0.55

0.36

1.16 (0.97–1.38)

 

High-sensitivity C-reactive Protein (mg/L)

Risk by 5 unit increase

97 (13.1%)

739

1.13 (0.91–1.40)

0.25

0.0025 Neg

3.60

1.09 (0.94–1.28)

 

hsCRP > 1 mg/L

 ≤ 1 mg/L

27 (9.3%)

739

      
 

 > 1 mg/L

70 (15.6%)

1.82 (1.17–2.84)

0.0080

0.0069 Neg

0.49

1.34 (1.08–1.67)

7

hsCRP > 2 mg/L

 ≤ 2 mg/L

64 (12.8%)

739

      
 

 > 2 mg/L

33 (13.8%)

1.15 (0.76–1.75)

0.52

0.0007 Neg

0.47

1.07 (0.88–1.30)

 

hsCRP > 3 mg/L

 ≤ 3 mg/L

80 (13.2%)

739

      
 

 > 3 mg/L

17 (12.6%)

1.02 (0.61–1.73)

0.93

0.0031 Neg

0.39

1.01 (0.82–1.23)

 

NT-proBNP (pg/mL)

Risk by 20 unit increase

97 (13.1%)

739

1.02 (0.92–1.12)

0.73

0.20

40.72

1.04 (0.85–1.26)

 

NT-proBNP > 50 pg/mL

 ≤ 50 pg/mL

82 (13.5%)

739

      
 

 > 50 pg/mL

15 (11.4%)

1.13 (0.65–1.96)

0.66

0.77

0.38

1.05 (0.85–1.30)

 

NT-proBNP > 100 pg/mL

 ≤ 100 pg/mL

92 (13.2%)

739

      
 

 > 100 pg/mL

5 (12.2%)

1.00 (0.41–2.47)

0.99

0.39

0.23

1.00 (0.81–1.23)

 

High-sensitivity Troponin-T (ng/L)

Risk by 1 unit increase

97 (13.1%)

739

1.05 (1.01–1.10)

0.028

0.23

3.30

1.17 (1.02–1.35)

15

High-sensitivity Troponin-T > 3 (ng/L)

 ≤ 3

21 (9.1%)

739

      
 

 > 3

76 (15.0%)

1.76 (1.09–2.86)

0.021

0.85

0.46

1.30 (1.04–1.63)

9

High-sensitivity Troponin-T > 5 (ng/L)

 ≤ 5

57 (12.0%)

739

      
 

 > 5

40 (15.1%)

1.31 (0.87–1.96)

0.19

0.34

0.48

1.14 (0.94–1.38)

 

High-sensitivity Troponin-T > 10 (ng/L)

 ≤ 10

87 (12.4%)

739

      
 

 > 10

10 (25.6%)

2.33 (1.21–4.48)

0.011

0.39

0.22

1.21 (1.04–1.40)

14

High-sensitivity Troponin-T ≤ 3/3–10/ > 10 (ng/L)

 ≤ 3

21 (9.1%)

739

      
 

 > 3–10

66 (14.1%)

1.65 (1.01–2.69)

0.047

0.71

0.48

1.27 (1.00–1.61)

10

 

 > 10

10 (25.6%)

3.31 (1.56–7.04)

0.0018

0.59

0.22

1.30 (1.10–1.54)

8

IL-6

Risk by 5 unit increase

95 (12.9%)

736

1.17 (1.00–1.36)

0.044

0.71

3.90

1.13 (1.00–1.27)

16

IL-6 > 8

 ≤ 8

92 (12.8%)

736

      
 

 > 8

3 (15.8%)

1.46 (0.46–4.61)

0.52

0.034 Neg

0.16

1.06 (0.88–1.27)

 

Number of risk biomarkers with elevated levels (hsCRP > 1/NT-proBNP > 100/hsTroponin-T > 10/IL6 > 8)

Risk by 1 unit increase

97 (13.1%)

739

1.64 (1.21–2.21)

0.0014

0.0016 Neg

0.63

1.37 (1.13–1.65)

3

  1. PH = proportional hazard; SD = standard deviation