Table 1 Baseline characteristics of patients with sustained, intermittent and non-PPI users
| Â | Sustained PPI users | Intermittent PPI users | Non-PPI users | p value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
N | 201 | 188 | 249 | Â |
Demographic data | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 Age (y) | 66.9 ± 11.1 | 64.4 ± 11.4 | 65.2 ± 10.7 | 0.080 |
 Male (n, %) | 123 (61.2%) | 116 (61.7%) | 174 (69.9%) | 0.093 |
 BMI (kg/m2) | 23.75 ± 4.30 | 24.17 ± 3.86 | 24.76 ± 2.97 | 0.022 |
 SBP (mmHg) | 132.9 ± 20.8 | 134.8 ± 23.3 | 136.7 ± 21.1 | 0.180 |
 DBP (mmHg) | 75.4 ± 12.4 | 77.1 ± 13.3 | 76.5 ± 12.3 | 0.408 |
Smoking | Â | Â | Â | 0.880 |
 Current | 58 (28.9%) | 60 (31.9%) | 71 (28.5%) |  |
 Former | 31 (15.4%) | 24 (12.8%) | 39 (15.7%) |  |
 None | 112 (55.7%) | 104 (55.3%) | 139 (55.8%) |  |
Alcohol | Â | Â | Â | 0.037 |
 Current | 16 (8.0%) | 15 (8.0%) | 7 (2.8%) |  |
 Former | 5 (2.5%) | 10 (5.3%) | 15 (6.0%) |  |
 None | 180 (89.6%) | 163 (86.7%) | 227 (91.2%) |  |
Comorbidity | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 CHD | 82 (40.8%) | 57 (30.3%) | 94 (37.8%) | 0.088 |
 MI | 35 (17.4%) | 16 (8.5%) | 35 (14.1%) | 0.035 |
 CHF | 10 (5.0%) | 10 (5.3%) | 11 (4.4%) | 0.906 |
 CHD family history | 26 (12.9%) | 15 (8.0%) | 22 (8.8%) | 0.204 |
 Hypertension | 144 (71.6%) | 128 (68.1%) | 179 (71.9%) | 0.645 |
 Hypercholesterolemia | 39 (19.4%) | 34 (18.1%) | 53 (21.3%) | 0.700 |
 Atrial fibrosis | 15 (7.5%) | 11 (5.9%) | 7 (2.8%) | 0.076 |
 TIA | 1 (0.5%) | 2 (1.1%) | 1 (0.4%) | 0.659 |
 Stroke | 34 (16.9%) | 19 (10.1%) | 47 (18.9%) | 0.037 |
 DM | 43 (21.4%) | 61 (32.4%) | 80 (32.1%) | 0.019 |
 CKD | 12 (6.0%) | 17 (9.0%) | 16 (6.4%) | 0.440 |
 Gastroduodenal ulcer | 45 (22.4%) | 28 (14.9%) | 20 (8.0%) |  < 0.001 |
 GI bleeding | 4 (2.0%) | 2 (1.1%) | 4 (1.6%) | 0.762 |
Surgical history | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 PCI | 50 (24.9%) | 39 (20.7%) | 70 (28.1%) | 0.211 |
 CABG | 0 (0.0%) | 1 (0.5%) | 2 (0.8%) | 0.460 |
 Device implantation | 6 (3.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 7 (2.8%) | 0.062 |
 Other surgical history | 32 (15.9%) | 30 (16.0%) | 45 (18.1%) | 0.781 |