Association of “hypertriglyceridemic waist” with increased 5-year risk of subclinical atherosclerosis in a multi-ethnic population: a prospective cohort study

Table 3 Comparing within- and between- HTGW group differences for atherosclerosis outcome measures without adjusting any covariates

	Without HTGW at baseline and follow-up (N = 376)		With HTGW at baseline and follow-up (N = 49)		Acquired HTGW (N = 50)		Reversed HTGW (N = 37)		Between-group differences
	Baseline	5 year	Baseline	5 year	Baseline	5 year	Baseline	5 year	p value
IMT (mm)	0.67 ± 0.12	0.72 ± 0.14*	0.71 ± 0.12	0.77 ± 0.14*	0.65 ± 0.09	0.70 ± 0.11*	0.70 ± 0.13	0.75 ± 0.16*	0.99
Total area (mm²)	21.35 ± 16.65	27.82 ± 23.71*	25.64 ± 18.40	35.25 ± 23.92*	17.75 ± 7.45	24.71 ± 14.29*	22.15 ± 13.14	30.54 ± 25.42*	0.35
Plaque presence	200 (53.2%)	252 (67.0%)*	30 (61.2%)	42 (85.7%)*	25 (50.0%)	34 (68.0%)*	27 (73.0%)	27 (73.0%)	0.06

Categorical variables presented as n (%). Continuous variables presented as mean ± SD. Paired-samples t test used to test within-group differences for continuous variables. McNemar tests used to test within-group differences for categorical variables. ANCOVA used to test between-group differences for continuous variables. For this test, the follow-up assessment was used as the outcome variable and the baseline variable was controlled for. Chi-square used to test between-group differences for categorical variables. To test between group variables, change in plaque presence was considered in four groups of no change absence of plaque, no change presence of plaque, acquired plaque, plaque reversed. *Marks a significant difference with the corresponding baseline measurement at 0.01 cut-off. Elevated waist circumference (WC) was ≥ 85 cm in women and ≥ 90 cm in men. Elevated triglycerides (TG) were ≥ 1.5 mmol/L in women and ≥ 2 mmol/L in men. HTGW is the presence of both elevated WC and TG. Acquired HTGW refers to those with no HTGW at baseline who tested positive in the follow-up assessment. HTGW reversed, inversely, refers to those with HTGW at baseline who tested negative in the follow-up assessment

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