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Table 3 Determinants of in-hospital death

From: Impact of hospital volume on clinical outcomes of hospitalized heart failure patients: analysis of a nationwide database including 447,818 patients with heart failure

 

Univariate logistic regression analysis

Multivariable logistic regression fitted with generalized estimating equation

Odds ratio

95% Confidence interval

p value

Odds ratio

95% Confidence interval

p value

Hospital volume

      

Low

Reference

  

Reference

  

Medium

0.90

0.88–0.93

< 0.001

0.91

0.83–0.99

0.035

High

0.87

0.84–0.89

< 0.001

0.86

0.78–0.95

0.004

Age (years)

1.05

1.05–1.06

< 0.001

1.04

1.04–1.04

< 0.001

Sex

      

Female

Reference

  

Reference

  

Male

0.86

0.84–0.88

< 0.001

1.27

1.23–1.32

< 0.001

Body mass index (kg/m2)

0.90

0.90–0.90

< 0.001

0.95

0.95–0.96

< 0.001

Hypertension

0.43

0.42–0.44

< 0.001

0.53

0.50–0.55

< 0.001

Diabetes mellitus

0.78

0.76–0.80

< 0.001

1.03

0.99–1.06

0.120

Chronic renal failure

1.71

1.66–1.75

< 0.001

1.57

1.51–1.63

< 0.001

Chronic liver disease

1.33

1.26–1.40

< 0.001

1.45

1.36–1.55

< 0.001

Chronic respiratory disease

1.01

0.98–1.05

0.568

0.98

0.94–1.03

0.473

Myocardial infarction

1.93

1.83–2.04

< 0.001

1.46

1.35–1.57

< 0.001

Dilated cardiomyopathy

0.87

0.83–0.91

< 0.001

1.19

1.13–1.26

< 0.001

Smoking

0.68

0.66–0.69

< 0.001

0.88

0.85–0.92

< 0.001

New York Heart Association

      

Class II

Reference

  

Reference

  

Class III

1.92

1.85–1.99

< 0.001

1.68

1.58–1.79

< 0.001

Class IV

4.49

4.33–4.66

< 0.001

3.36

3.11–3.63

< 0.001

Ventricular tachycardia/ventricular fibrillation

1.77

1.69–1.85

< 0.001

1.97

1.83–2.11

< 0.001

Shock

5.76

5.49–6.04

< 0.001

3.20

2.85–3.60

< 0.001

Anemia

1.55

1.50–1.59

< 0.001

1.35

1.30–1.41

< 0.001

Barthel Index per 10

0.84

0.83–0.84

< 0.001

0.89

0.89–0.90

< 0.001

Administration within two days

      

Beta blocker

0.61

0.59–0.63

< 0.001

0.94

0.90–0.97

< 0.001

Renin-angiotensin system inhibitor

0.41

0.40–0.42

< 0.001

0.62

0.60–0.65

< 0.001

Mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist

0.63

0.61–0.65

< 0.001

0.83

0.80–0.86

< 0.001

Intravenous inotropic agent

2.88

2.81–2.95

< 0.001

2.13

2.04–2.23

< 0.001

Intravenous nitrate

0.64

0.62–0.66

< 0.001

0.57

0.54–0.60

< 0.001

Intravenous furosemide

1.32

1.29–1.36

< 0.001

0.97

0.94–1.01

0.172

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BMC Cardiovascular Disorders

ISSN: 1471-2261

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