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Table 1 Baseline characteristics of the individuals included in the analysis

From: Use of lipid parameters to identify apparently healthy men at high risk of arterial stiffness progression

Variables

Total

(n = 659)

Reduction in/persistently low baPWV

(n = 328)

Increase in/persistently high baPWV

(n = 331)

p valuea

Non-elevated baPWV

(n = 348)

Incident elevated baPWV

(n = 100)

p valueb

Age, years

47.4 ± 10.7

43.4 ± 8.7

51.5 ± 10.9

 < 0.001

43.2 ± 8.8

49.8 ± 7.9

 < 0.001

Smoker, %

241 (36.6)

125 (38.1)

116 (35.0)

0.46

140 (40.2)

34 (34.0)

0.31

BMI, kg/m2

24.6 ± 2.8

24.7 ± 2.6

24.6 ± 2.9

0.84

24.6 ± 2.8

24.5 ± 3.1

0.71

SBP, mm Hg

121 ± 11

119 ± 11

123 ± 11

 < 0.001

117 ± 10

121 ± 10

0.003

DBP, mm Hg

75 ± 9

73 ± 9

76 ± 9

 < 0.001

71 ± 8

75 ± 8

 < 0.001

MAP, mm Hg

90 ± 9

89 ± 9

92 ± 9

 < 0.001

87 ± 8

90 ± 8

 < 0.001

Heart rate, beats/min

67 ± 10

66 ± 10

68 ± 9

0.008

65 ± 9

66 ± 8

0.10

ABI

1.10 ± 0.08

1.09 ± 0.08

1.11 ± 0.08

0.005

1.09 ± 0.08

1.11 ± 0.08

0.03

FBG, mmol/L

5.04 ± 0.52

4.99 ± 0.50

5.08 ± 0.54

0.03

4.97 ± 0.50

5.08 ± 0.53

0.06

HbA1c, %

5.58 ± 0.31

5.55 ± 0.31

5.61 ± 0.30

0.02

5.54 ± 0.30

5.61 ± 0.27

0.05

creatinine, μmol/L

81.0 ± 10.8

81.2 ± 10.2

80.8 ± 11.3

0.68

81.3 ± 10.4

80.7 ± 11.9

0.60

Uric acid, umol/L

376 ± 76

376 ± 76

376 ± 76

0.94

373 ± 75

385 ± 80

0.18

TC, mmol/L

4.74 ± 0.86

4.74 ± 0.83

4.74 ± 0.90

0.97

4.71 ± 0.83

4.78 ± 0.92

0.50

TG, mmol/L

1.36 (1.01)

1.30 (0.83)

1.42 (1.09)

0.005

1.29 (0.80)

1.60 (1.08)

0.005

LDL-C, mmol/L

2.94 ± 0.74

2.96 ± 0.69

2.92 ± 0.78

0.43

2.96 ± 0.72

2.91 ± 0.81

0.62

Non-HDL-C, mmol/L

3.56 ± 0.84

3.54 ± 0.81

3.59 ± 0.87

0.52

3.52 ± 0.83

3.61 ± 0.90

0.39

HDL-C, mmol/L

1.18 ± 0.26

1.20 ± 0.25

1.16 ± 0.28

0.06

1.19 ± 0.24

1.17 ± 0.32

0.60

TC/HDL-C

4.18 ± 1.02

4.10 ± 0.98

4.26 ± 1.06

0.04

4.09 ± 1.02

4.26 ± 1.06

0.16

TG/HDL-C

1.21 (1.04)

1.11 (0.87)

1.30 (1.22)

0.003

1.11 (0.90)

1.51 (1.35)

0.01

LDL-C/HDL-C

2.59 ± 0.74

2.56 ± 0.71

2.61 ± 0.78

0.32

2.56 ± 0.73

2.61 ± 0.82

0.65

Non-HDL-C/HDL-C

3.18 ± 1.02

3.10 ± 0.98

3.26 ± 1.06

0.04

3.09 ± 1.02

3.26 ± 1.06

0.15

Baseline baPWV, cm/s

1340 ± 209

1280 ± 165

1410 ± 226

 < 0.001

1210 ± 100

1300 ± 70

0.001

Follow-up baPWV, cm/s

1410 ± 245

1250 ± 112

1570 ± 240

 < 0.001

1250 ± 95

1520 ± 99

0.001

  1. Data are mean ± standard deviation, median (interquartile range), or n (%)
  2. BMI body mass index, SBP systolic blood pressure, DBP diastolic blood pressure, MAP mean arterial pressure, ABI ankle-brachial index, FBG fasting blood glucose, TC total cholesterol, TG triglyceride, LDL-C low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, HDL-C high-density lipoprotein cholesterol
  3. aReduction in/persistently low baPWV versus increase in/persistently high baPWV
  4. bNon-eleated baPWV versus incident elevated baPWV. p values were calculated using unpaired t-test, Mann–Whitney U test, or χ2 test, as appropriate