Variables | Total (n = 659) | Reduction in/persistently low baPWV (n = 328) | Increase in/persistently high baPWV (n = 331) | p valuea | Non-elevated baPWV (n = 348) | Incident elevated baPWV (n = 100) | p valueb |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age, years | 47.4 ± 10.7 | 43.4 ± 8.7 | 51.5 ± 10.9 |  < 0.001 | 43.2 ± 8.8 | 49.8 ± 7.9 |  < 0.001 |
Smoker, % | 241 (36.6) | 125 (38.1) | 116 (35.0) | 0.46 | 140 (40.2) | 34 (34.0) | 0.31 |
BMI, kg/m2 | 24.6 ± 2.8 | 24.7 ± 2.6 | 24.6 ± 2.9 | 0.84 | 24.6 ± 2.8 | 24.5 ± 3.1 | 0.71 |
SBP, mm Hg | 121 ± 11 | 119 ± 11 | 123 ± 11 |  < 0.001 | 117 ± 10 | 121 ± 10 | 0.003 |
DBP, mm Hg | 75 ± 9 | 73 ± 9 | 76 ± 9 |  < 0.001 | 71 ± 8 | 75 ± 8 |  < 0.001 |
MAP, mm Hg | 90 ± 9 | 89 ± 9 | 92 ± 9 |  < 0.001 | 87 ± 8 | 90 ± 8 |  < 0.001 |
Heart rate, beats/min | 67 ± 10 | 66 ± 10 | 68 ± 9 | 0.008 | 65 ± 9 | 66 ± 8 | 0.10 |
ABI | 1.10 ± 0.08 | 1.09 ± 0.08 | 1.11 ± 0.08 | 0.005 | 1.09 ± 0.08 | 1.11 ± 0.08 | 0.03 |
FBG, mmol/L | 5.04 ± 0.52 | 4.99 ± 0.50 | 5.08 ± 0.54 | 0.03 | 4.97 ± 0.50 | 5.08 ± 0.53 | 0.06 |
HbA1c, % | 5.58 ± 0.31 | 5.55 ± 0.31 | 5.61 ± 0.30 | 0.02 | 5.54 ± 0.30 | 5.61 ± 0.27 | 0.05 |
creatinine, μmol/L | 81.0 ± 10.8 | 81.2 ± 10.2 | 80.8 ± 11.3 | 0.68 | 81.3 ± 10.4 | 80.7 ± 11.9 | 0.60 |
Uric acid, umol/L | 376 ± 76 | 376 ± 76 | 376 ± 76 | 0.94 | 373 ± 75 | 385 ± 80 | 0.18 |
TC, mmol/L | 4.74 ± 0.86 | 4.74 ± 0.83 | 4.74 ± 0.90 | 0.97 | 4.71 ± 0.83 | 4.78 ± 0.92 | 0.50 |
TG, mmol/L | 1.36 (1.01) | 1.30 (0.83) | 1.42 (1.09) | 0.005 | 1.29 (0.80) | 1.60 (1.08) | 0.005 |
LDL-C, mmol/L | 2.94 ± 0.74 | 2.96 ± 0.69 | 2.92 ± 0.78 | 0.43 | 2.96 ± 0.72 | 2.91 ± 0.81 | 0.62 |
Non-HDL-C, mmol/L | 3.56 ± 0.84 | 3.54 ± 0.81 | 3.59 ± 0.87 | 0.52 | 3.52 ± 0.83 | 3.61 ± 0.90 | 0.39 |
HDL-C, mmol/L | 1.18 ± 0.26 | 1.20 ± 0.25 | 1.16 ± 0.28 | 0.06 | 1.19 ± 0.24 | 1.17 ± 0.32 | 0.60 |
TC/HDL-C | 4.18 ± 1.02 | 4.10 ± 0.98 | 4.26 ± 1.06 | 0.04 | 4.09 ± 1.02 | 4.26 ± 1.06 | 0.16 |
TG/HDL-C | 1.21 (1.04) | 1.11 (0.87) | 1.30 (1.22) | 0.003 | 1.11 (0.90) | 1.51 (1.35) | 0.01 |
LDL-C/HDL-C | 2.59 ± 0.74 | 2.56 ± 0.71 | 2.61 ± 0.78 | 0.32 | 2.56 ± 0.73 | 2.61 ± 0.82 | 0.65 |
Non-HDL-C/HDL-C | 3.18 ± 1.02 | 3.10 ± 0.98 | 3.26 ± 1.06 | 0.04 | 3.09 ± 1.02 | 3.26 ± 1.06 | 0.15 |
Baseline baPWV, cm/s | 1340 ± 209 | 1280 ± 165 | 1410 ± 226 |  < 0.001 | 1210 ± 100 | 1300 ± 70 | 0.001 |
Follow-up baPWV, cm/s | 1410 ± 245 | 1250 ± 112 | 1570 ± 240 |  < 0.001 | 1250 ± 95 | 1520 ± 99 | 0.001 |