Fig. 1

Texture feature selection using the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) binary logistic regression model. a The tuning parameter (λ) selection in the LASSO model used tenfold cross-validation via minimum criteria. The area under the receiver operating characteristic (AUC) curve was plotted versus log(λ). Dotted vertical lines were drawn at the optimal values by using the minimum criteria and the 1 standard error of the minimum criteria. The λ value was 0.003. b LASSO coefficient profiles of the 81 features. A coefficient profile plot was produced against the log(λ) sequence. Vertical lines were drawn at the value selected using tenfold cross-validation, where optimal λ resulted in 14 non-zero coefficients