Category | Measurements | Acute CVEs group (n = 30) | No CVEs group (n = 466) | P value |
---|---|---|---|---|
Basic information | Age (year) | 82 (77–84) | 78 (68–84) | 0.025 |
Male | 21 (70.0%) | 394 (84.5%) | 0.037 | |
BMI | 22.8 (20.0–24.2) (n = 15) | 21.7 (20.2–25.4) (n = 314) | NS | |
Smoking history (yes or no) | 21 (70.0%) | 378 (81.1%) | NS | |
Smoking history (pack*year) | 43.5 (31.8–57.5) (n = 12) | 46.0 (34.3–60.0) (n = 192) | NS | |
COPD severity | FEV1 (% predicted) | 40.2 (29.3–53.7) (n = 15) | 37.2 (28.4–49.0) (n = 300) | NS |
GOLD grade I | 0 (0%) | 1 (0.3%) | NS | |
GOLD grade II | 2 (13.3%) | 66 (22.0%) | ||
GOLD grade III | 6 (40.0%) | 144 (48.0%) | ||
GOLD grade IV | 5 (33.3%) | 89 (29.7%) | ||
mMRC score | 3 (2–3) (n = 17) | 3 (2–3) (n = 324) | NS | |
CAT score | 23.5 (12.3–26.8) (n = 16) | 22.0 (15.0–28.0) (n = 319) | NS | |
Cardiovascular risk factors | Hypertension | 7/22 (31.8%) | 169/380 (44.5%) | NS |
Diabetes | 6/22 (27.3%) | 50/380 (13.2%) | 0.063 | |
Hyperlipemiaa | 0/16 (0%) | 14/333 (4.2%) | NS | |
Coronary heart disease | 10/22 (45.5%) | 86/377 (22.8%) | 0.016 | |
Cerebrovascular disease | 2/21 (9.5%) | 18/363 (5.0%) | NS | |
Left heart insufficiency | 8/22 (36.4%) | 31/379 (8.2%) | < 0.001 | |
Other respiratory diseases | Asthma | 1/22 (4.5%) | 3/377 (0.8%) | NS |
Bronchiectasis | 5/22 (22.7%) | 60/379 (15.8%) | NS | |
Interstitial lung changes | 2/19 (10.5%) | 26/341 (7.6%) | NS | |
Lung cancer | 0/22 (0%) | 8/379 (2.1%) | NS | |
Ex-tuberculosis | 2/22 (9.1%) | 94/379 (24.8%) | NS | |
COPD-related treatment in stable period | Regular LAMA | 6/24 (25.0%) | 137/390 (35.1%) | NS |
Regular ICS/LABA | 5/24 (20.8%) | 170/388 (43.8%) | 0.027 | |
Regular ICS/LABA/LAMA | 2/24 (8.3%) | 94/387 (24.3%) | NS | |
Regular theophylline | 5/24 (20.8%) | 97/384 (25.3%) | NS | |
Oxygen therapy | 10/24 (41.7%) | 167/388 (43.0%) | NS | |
Noninvasive mechanical ventilation | 3/23 (13.0%) | 40/372 (10.8%) | NS | |
Pre-study exacerbations in 12 months | Total numbers | 2 (1–2.5) (n = 17) | 2 (1–3) (n = 337) | NS |
Hospitalization numbers | 2 (1–2) (n = 17) | 1 (1–2) (n = 335) | 0.025 |