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Table 3 Association of opium consumption with myocardial infarction and Ischemic heart diseases (n = 9952*)

From: Effect of opium consumption on cardiovascular diseases – a cross- sectional study based on data of Rafsanjan cohort study

 

Crude model

Adjusted model 1

Adjusted model 2

Adjusted model 3

OR (95%Ci)a

OR(95%Ci)b

OR (95%Ci)c

OR(95%Ci)d

Ischemic heart diseases

 Opium consumption

 yes

1.68 (1.44–1.96)

1.51 (1.24–1.82)

1.57 (1.28–1.93)

1.51 (1.22–1.86)

 no

1

1

1

1

 Duration of opium consumption

 Non-user

1

1

1

1

 ≤ 5 year

0.95 (0.66–1.36)

0.94 (0.64–1.36)

0.97 (0.66–1.42)

0.84 (0.57–1.25)

 6–10 year

1.15 (0.83–1.60)

1.23 (0.87–1.75)

1.29 (0.90–1.86)

1.28 (0.89–1.85)

 11/15 year

1.66 (1.18–2.33)

1.86 (1.28–2.70)

1.99 (1.35–2.94)

2 (1.33–2.99)

 16/20 year

1.90 (1.42–2.55)

1.90 (1.37–2.64)

2.07 (1.46–2.92)

2.11 (1.48–3.01)

 > 20 year

2.74 (2.18–3.45)

1.82 (1.39–2.37)

1.94 (1.45–2.60)

1.99 (1.47–2.70)

 Route of opium consumption

 Non-user

1

1

1

1

 Smoking

1.60 (1.37–1.87)

1.45 (1.20–1.76)

1.50 (1.22–1.85)

1.47 (1.18–1.82)

 Oral consumption

3.30 (2.12–5.13)

2.33 (1.46–3.74)

2.46 (1.50–4.02)

2.30 (1.36–3.89)

Myocardial infarction

 Opium consumption

 yes

3.35 (2.64–4.25)

2.07 (1.56–2.73)

1.93 (1.42–2.63)

1.79 (1.31–2.45)

 no

1

1

1

1

 Duration of opium consumption

 Non-user

1

1

1

1

 ≤ 5 year

1.55 (0.89–2.71)

1.19 (0.67–2.11)

1.14 (0.64–2.04)

0.98 (0.54–1.79)

 6–10 year

1.69 (1–2.85)

1.22 (0.70–2.12)

1.19 (0.67–2.08)

1.20 (0.70–2.07)

 11-15 year

4.10 (2.64–6.37)

3.07 (1.91–4.93)

2.97 (1.80–4.89)

2.92 (1.76–4.84)

 16–20 year

4.67 (3.18–6.86)

3.064 (2.01–4.67)

3.04 (1.94–4.76)

3.11(1.97–4.89)

 > 20 year

5.08 (3.65–7.08)

2.29 (1.57–3.33)

2.20 (1.45–3.35)

2.15 (1.41–3.28)

 Route of opium consumption

 Non-user

1

1

1

1

 Smoking

3.23 (2.53–4.12)

2.02 (1.52–2.68)

1.89 (1.38–2.60)

1.77 (1.30–2.42)

 Oral consumption

5.54 (2.99–10.28)

2.81(1.47–5.35)

2.52 (1.28–4.95)

2.12 (1.04–4.30)

  1. *Excluding 38 individuals who have started opium after their illness
  2. aThe baseline model is stratified on the status of opium consumption
  3. bThe adjusted model 1 is adjusted for confounding variables age (continuous variable), gender (male/ female) and education years (continuous variable)
  4. CThe adjusted model 2 has additional adjustment for confounding the variables related to lifestyle (cigarette smoking, alcohol drinking and hookah consumption) and physical activity level (continuous variable)
  5. dThe adjusted model 3 has additional adjustment for hypertension (yes/no), hypercholesterolemia (continuous variable), body mass index (continuous variable) and diabetes mellitus (yes/no), Triglycerides (continuous variable), LDL cholesterol (continuous variable), HDL cholesterol (continuous variable), S.G.O.T (AST) (continuous variable), S.G.P.T (ALT) (continuous variable), Alkaline phosphatase (continuous variable)
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BMC Cardiovascular Disorders

ISSN: 1471-2261

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