Table 1 Selected characteristics of the Rafsanjan cohort participants (n = 9990)
Status of opium consumption | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
Characteristics | All (n = 9990) | Non-user (n = 7612) | User (n = 2378) | P-Value |
Age - yr. Mean ± SD | 49.91 ± 9.56 | 49.33 ± 9.57 | 51.78 ± 9.31 | < 0.001 |
Age- no. (%) | < 0.001 | |||
35–44 | 3466 (34.69) | 2833 (37.22) | 633 (26.62) | |
45–54 | 3041 (30.43) | 2290 (30.08) | 750 (31.54) | |
55–64 | 2759 (27.62) | 1984 (26.06) | 775 (32.59) | |
≥ 65 | 725 (7.26) | 505 (6.63) | 220 (9.25) | |
Gender- no. (%) | < 0.001 | |||
Female | 5335 (53.40) | 5107 (67.09) | 228 (9.59) | |
Male | 4655 (46.60) | 2505 (32.91) | 2150 (90.41) | |
Education-no. (%) | < 0.001 | |||
Illiterate | 948 (9.50) | 707 (9.30) | 241 (10.13) | |
Elementary | 2547 (25.52) | 1961 (25.79) | 586 (24.64) | |
Guidance school | 2479 (24.84) | 1688 (22.20) | 791 (33.26) | |
Diploma | 2368 (23.73) | 1845 (24.27) | 523 (21.99) | |
College | 1639 (16.42) | 1402 (18.44) | 237 (9.97) | |
Physical activity Mean ± SD | 38.77 ± 6.36 | 38.47 ± 5.59 | 8.29 ± 39.72 | < 0.001 |
Alcohol consumption- no. (%) | < 0.001 | |||
yes | 1351 (13.63) | 469 (6.21) | 882 (37.33) | |
no | 8561 (86.37) | 7080 (93.79) | 1481 (62.67) | |
Cigarette smoking-no. (%) | < 0.001 | |||
Yes | 2541 (25.66) | 816 (10.82) | 1725 (73.03) | |
No | 7362 (74.34) | 6725 (89.18) | 637 (26.97) | |
Hookah smoking- no. (%) | < 0.001 | |||
yes | 1706 (17.22) | 969 (12.84) | 737 (31.20) | |
No | 8202 (82.78) | 6577 (87.16) | 1625 (68.80) | |
Hypertension- no. (%) | < 0.001 | |||
yes | 2235 (22.50) | 1823 (24.13) | 412 (17.33) | |
No | 7698 (77.50) | 5732 (75.87) | 1966 (82.67) | |
Cholesterol- no. (%) | < 0.001 | |||
> 200(mg/dL) | 4279 (43.04) | 3404 (44.91) | 875 (37.06) | |
≤ 200(mg/dL) | 5662 (56.96) | 4176 (55.09) | 1486 (62.94) | |
Mean ± SD | 198.78 ± 41.89 | 200.66 ± 42.74 | 192.73 ± 38.43 | < 0.001 |
Triglycerides- no. (%) | < 0.001 | |||
> 200(mg/dL) | 2437 (24.53) | 1779 (23.49) | 658 (27.89) | |
≤ 200(mg/dL) | 7496 (75.47) | 5795 (76.51) | 1701 (72.11) | |
Mean ± SD | 168.88 ± 109.22 | 165.86 ± 107. 28 | 178.57 ± 114.71 | < 0.001 |
LDL cholesterol - no. (%) | < 0.001 | |||
> 130(mg/dL) | 2143 (21.56) | 1718 (22.66) | 425 (18.00) | |
≤ 130(mg/dL) | 7798 (78.44) | 5862 (77.34) | 1936 (82.00) | |
Mean ± SD | 108.04 ± 30.49 | 109.23 ± 30.36 | 104.21 ± 30.61 | < 0.001 |
HDL cholesterol - no. (%) | 0.029 | |||
< 35(mg/dL) | 42 (0.42) | 26 (0.34) | 16(0.68) | |
≥ 35(mg/dL) | 9899 (99.58) | 7554 (99.66) | 2345 (99.32) | |
Mean ± SD | 57.90 ± 12.45 | 59.04 ± 12.67 | 54.24 ± 10.95 | < 0.001 |
S.G.O.T (AST) - no. (%) | 0.329 | |||
≤ 39(U/L) | 286 (2.88) | 225 (2.97) | 61 (2.58) | |
> 39(U/L) | 9655 (97.12) | 7355 (97.03) | 2300 (97.42) | |
Mean ± SD | 19.87 ± 11.81 | 19.72 ± 11.62 | 20.36 ± 12.38 | 0.022 |
S.G.P.T (ALT) - no. (%) | 0.052 | |||
≤ 39(U/L) | 9130 (91.84) | 6939 (91.54) | 2191 (92.80) | |
> 39(U/L) | 811 (8.16) | 641 (8.46) | 170 (7.20) | |
Mean ± SD | 21.55 ± 15.37 | 21.74 ± 15.38 | 20.95 ± 15.32 | 0.030 |
Alkaline phosphatase- no. (%) | < 0.001 | |||
> 306 (IU/L) | 972 (9.78) | 663 (8.75) | 309 (13.09) | |
≤ 306 (IU/L) | 8969 (90.22) | 6917 (91.25) | 2052 (86.91) | |
Mean ± SD | 225.48 ± 66.81 | 222.05 ± 65.86 | 236.50 ± 68.66 | < 0.001 |
BMI- no. (%) | < 0.001 | |||
< 25 | 2894 (28.97) | 1813 (23.82) | 1081 (45.46) | |
25–29.9 | 4089 (40.94) | 3213 (42.22) | 876 (36.84) | |
≥ 30 | 3006 (30.09) | 2585 (33.96) | 421 (17.70) | |
Mean ± SD | 27.79 ± 4.99 | 28.40 ± 4.91 | 25.84 ± 4.76 | < 0.001 |
Diabetes mellitus- no. (%) | 0.005 | |||
yes | 1933 (19.46) | 1517 (20.08) | 416 (17.49) | |
no | 8000 (80.54) | 6038 (79.92) | 1962 (82.51) | |