Table 1 Baseline characteristics of patients with different types of atrial fibrillation
Total population n = 433 | Individuals with VHDs | Individuals without VHDs n = 283 | P value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
ERHA Type 1 n = 91 | ERHA Type 2 n = 59 | ||||
Male, n (%) | 221 (51.0) | 29 (31.9) | 30 (50.8) | 162 (57.2) | < 0.001 |
Age, years (SD) | 65.6 (13.2) | 58.0 (11.1) | 62.9 (16.0) | 65.5 (12.7) | < 0.001 |
BMI, kg/m2(SD) | 24.2 (3.8) | 22.8 (3.4) | 22.8 (3.6) | 24.8 (3.7) | < 0.001 |
SBP, mmHg (SD) | 122.8 (22.3) | 117.3 (20.3) | 123.2 (23.5) | 124.5 (22.4) | 0.025 |
Heart rate, beats/min (SD) | 102.5 (29.9) | 100.5 (29.4) | 97.9 (29.0) | 104.1 (30.2) | 0.273 |
Duration of AF | < 0.001 | ||||
Paroxysmal, n (%) | 79 (18.2) | 11 (12.1) | 15 (25.4) | 53 (18.7) | |
Persistent, n (%) | 177 (40.9) | 21 (23.1) | 6 (10.2) | 150 (53.0) | |
Permanent, n (%) | 177 (40.9) | 59 (64.8) | 38 (64.4) | 80 (28.3) | |
Smoking, n (%) | 112 (25.9) | 12 (13.2) | 16 (27.1) | 84 (29.7) | 0.007 |
Alcohol, n (%) | 36 (8.3) | 4 (4.4) | 6 (10.2) | 26 (9.2) | 0.304 |
Hypertension, n (%) | 224 (51.7) | 23 (25.3) | 31 (52.5) | 170 (60.1) | < 0.001 |
Diabetes, n (%) | 171 (39.5) | 31 (34.1) | 28 (47.5) | 112 (39.6) | 0.261 |
Hypercholesterolemia, n (%) | 22 (5.1) | 0 (0) | 7 (11.9) | 15 (5.3) | 0.005 |
TIA or Stroke, n (%) | 61 (14.1) | 11 (12.1) | 7 (11.9) | 43 (15.2) | 0.661 |
CADs, n (%) | 107 (24.7) | 5 (5.5) | 11 (18.6) | 91 (32.2) | < 0.001 |
Heart failure, n (%) | 243 (56.3) | 74 (81.3) | 51 (86.4) | 118 (41.7) | < 0.001 |
CHA2DS2-VASc Score | |||||
Mean (SD) | – | – | 3.4 (1.6) | 3.1 (1.8) | – |
Median (IQR) | – | – | 3 (2–4) | 3 (2–4) | – |
≥ 2(Male) or ≥ 3(female), n (%) | – | – | 49 (83.1) | 211 (74.6) | – |
ALT, u/l (IQR) | 19 (14.0–31.3) | 18 (14–27) | 23 (15–40) | 19 (14–32) | 0.223 |
eGFR, ml/(min·1.73 m2) | 70.1 (26.9) | 73.2 (25.1) | 64.9 (27.1) | 70.1 (27.4) | 0.197 |
eGFR < 60 ml/(min·1.73 m2), n (%) | 154 (35.6) | 28 (30.8) | 28 (47.5) | 98 (34.6) | 0.309 |
Warfarin, n (%) | 119 (27.5) | 55 (60.4) | 23 (39.0) | 41 (14.5) | < 0.001 |
INR, mean (SD)a | 1.91 (0.77) | 2.16 (0.76) | 1.83 (0.75) | 1.51 (0.62) | < 0.001 |
TiTR ≥ 66%, n (%)a | 27 (22.7) | 21 (38.2) | 5 (21.7) | 2 (4.9) | < 0.001 |
Antiplatelet agents, n (%) | 214 (49.4) | 25 (27.5) | 23 (39.0) | 166 (58.7) | < 0.001 |
Beta blockers, n (%) | 266 (61.4) | 48 (52.7) | 38 (64.4) | 180 (63.6) | 0.159 |
ACEIs/ARBs, n (%) | 146 (33.7) | 19 (20.9) | 22 (37.3) | 105 (37.1) | 0.014 |
CCBs, n (%) | 87 (20.1) | 6 (6.6) | 11 (18.6) | 70 (24.7) | 0.001 |