All (n = 43) | Survivors (n = 12) | Non-survivors (n = 31) | |
---|---|---|---|
Clinical and demographic data | |||
Age, years, median (IQR) | 57.0 (43.0 to 63.0) | 57.0 (42.5 to 61.5) | 59.0 (46.0 to 64.0) |
Male sex (%) | 33 (76.7) | 9 (75.0) | 24 (77.4) |
Hypertension (%) | 29 (67.4) | 5 (41.6) | 24 (77.4) |
Diabetes mellitus (%) | 15 (34.8) | 1 (8.3) | 14 (45.1) |
COPD (%) | 3 (6.9) | 0 (0) | 3 (9.6) |
Pre-device cardiac arrest (%) | 14 (32.5) | 6 (50) | 8 (25.8) |
Etiology of cardiogenic shock | |||
Acute myocardial infarction (%) | 19 (44.1) | 6 (50) | 13 (41.9) |
Acute decompensation of chronic heart failure (%) | 10 (23.2) | 2 (16.6) | 8 (25.8) |
Primary transplant graft failure (%) | 4 (9.3) | 2 (16.6) | 2 (6.4) |
Cardiac arrest (%) | 4 (9.3) | 1 (8.3) | 3 (9.6) |
Postcardiotomy syndrome (%) | 3 (6.9) | 0 (0) | 3 (9.6) |
Pulmonary thromboembolism (%) | 2 (4.6) | 0 (0) | 2 (6.4) |
Myocarditis (%) | 1 (2.3) | 1 (8.3) | 0 (0) |
Device characteristics | |||
VA-ECMO (%) | 25 (58.1) | 6 (50.0) | 19 (61.2) |
Impella CP® (%) | 13 (30.2) | 5 (41.6) | 8 (25.8) |
VA-ECMO + Impella® (%) | 5 (11.6) | 1 (8.3) | 4 (12.9) |
Shock to support time, hours, median (IQR) | 3.0 (1.0 to 16.5) | 3.5 (2.25 to 20.5) | 2.5 (1.0 to 16.5) |
Time on support, days. median (IQR) | 2.0 (1.0 to 5.0) | 2.0 (1.25 to 3.0) | 2.0 (1.0 to 6.0) |
Critical illness variables | |||
Arterial lactate, mmol/L, median (IQR) | 6.1 (2.8 to 11.5) | 4.0 (2.62 to 6.3) | 7.5 (2.8 to 12.0) |
Serum creatinine, mg/dL, median (IQR) | 1.5 (1.1 to 1.8) | 1.4 (0.8 to 1.8) | 1.5 (1.2 to 1.8) |
Arterial pH, median (IQR) | 7.29 (7.23 to 7.34) | 7.28 (7.23 to 7.34) | 7.31 (7.22 to 7.37) |
Arterial HCO3, mEq/L, median (IQR) | 18.7 (15.0 to 22.0) | 17.6 (14.0 to 22.1) | 18.8 (15.3 to 22.4) |
Central venous oxygen saturation, %, median (IQR) | 68.0 (54.0 to 74.6) | 68.0 (54.0 to 83.1) | 64.4 (56.9 to 72.9) |
SAVE score, median (IQR)a | − 9.0 (− 11.0 to 0) | − 8.9 (− 10.0 to 3.0) | − 9.0 (− 11.0 to − 1.2) |
ENCOURAGE score, median (IQR)b | 23.5 (18.5 to 28.0) | 24.0 (12.0 to 26.0) | 23.0 (19.0 to 28.0) |
SAPS 3 score, median (IQR)c | 70.0 (60.0 to 84.0) | 61.0 (58.2 to 70.0) | 72.0 (67.0 to 88.0) |
SOFA score, median (IQR)d | 13.0 (10.0 to 15.0) | 11.5 (10.0 to 14.7) | 13.0 (10.0 to 15.0) |