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Table 1 Demographic and clinical data of 43 patients with cardiogenic shock who received mechanical circulatory support with veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA-ECMO) or an Impella CP® device

From: Association between serum lactate levels and mortality in patients with cardiogenic shock receiving mechanical circulatory support: a multicenter retrospective cohort study

 

All

(n = 43)

Survivors

(n = 12)

Non-survivors

(n = 31)

Clinical and demographic data

 Age, years, median (IQR)

57.0 (43.0 to 63.0)

57.0 (42.5 to 61.5)

59.0 (46.0 to 64.0)

 Male sex (%)

33 (76.7)

9 (75.0)

24 (77.4)

 Hypertension (%)

29 (67.4)

5 (41.6)

24 (77.4)

 Diabetes mellitus (%)

15 (34.8)

1 (8.3)

14 (45.1)

 COPD (%)

3 (6.9)

0 (0)

3 (9.6)

 Pre-device cardiac arrest (%)

14 (32.5)

6 (50)

8 (25.8)

Etiology of cardiogenic shock

 Acute myocardial infarction (%)

19 (44.1)

6 (50)

13 (41.9)

 Acute decompensation of chronic heart failure (%)

10 (23.2)

2 (16.6)

8 (25.8)

 Primary transplant graft failure (%)

4 (9.3)

2 (16.6)

2 (6.4)

 Cardiac arrest (%)

4 (9.3)

1 (8.3)

3 (9.6)

 Postcardiotomy syndrome (%)

3 (6.9)

0 (0)

3 (9.6)

 Pulmonary thromboembolism (%)

2 (4.6)

0 (0)

2 (6.4)

 Myocarditis (%)

1 (2.3)

1 (8.3)

0 (0)

Device characteristics

 VA-ECMO (%)

25 (58.1)

6 (50.0)

19 (61.2)

 Impella CP® (%)

13 (30.2)

5 (41.6)

8 (25.8)

 VA-ECMO + Impella® (%)

5 (11.6)

1 (8.3)

4 (12.9)

 Shock to support time, hours, median (IQR)

3.0 (1.0 to 16.5)

3.5 (2.25 to 20.5)

2.5 (1.0 to 16.5)

 Time on support, days. median (IQR)

2.0 (1.0 to 5.0)

2.0 (1.25 to 3.0)

2.0 (1.0 to 6.0)

Critical illness variables

 Arterial lactate, mmol/L, median (IQR)

6.1 (2.8 to 11.5)

4.0 (2.62 to 6.3)

7.5 (2.8 to 12.0)

 Serum creatinine, mg/dL, median (IQR)

1.5 (1.1 to 1.8)

1.4 (0.8 to 1.8)

1.5 (1.2 to 1.8)

 Arterial pH, median (IQR)

7.29 (7.23 to 7.34)

7.28 (7.23 to 7.34)

7.31 (7.22 to 7.37)

 Arterial HCO3, mEq/L, median (IQR)

18.7 (15.0 to 22.0)

17.6 (14.0 to 22.1)

18.8 (15.3 to 22.4)

 Central venous oxygen saturation, %, median (IQR)

68.0 (54.0 to 74.6)

68.0 (54.0 to 83.1)

64.4 (56.9 to 72.9)

 SAVE score, median (IQR)a

− 9.0 (− 11.0 to 0)

− 8.9 (− 10.0 to 3.0)

− 9.0 (− 11.0 to − 1.2)

 ENCOURAGE score, median (IQR)b

23.5 (18.5 to 28.0)

24.0 (12.0 to 26.0)

23.0 (19.0 to 28.0)

 SAPS 3 score, median (IQR)c

70.0 (60.0 to 84.0)

61.0 (58.2 to 70.0)

72.0 (67.0 to 88.0)

 SOFA score, median (IQR)d

13.0 (10.0 to 15.0)

11.5 (10.0 to 14.7)

13.0 (10.0 to 15.0)

  1. COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; ECMO, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation; ENCOURAGE, prediction of cardiogenic shock outcome for acute myocardial infarction patients salvaged by VA-ECMO; IQR, interquartile range (p25–p75); MCS, mechanical circulatory support; SAPS 3, Simplified Acute Physiology Score III; SAVE, Survival After Veno-arterial ECMO score; SOFA, Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score; VA, veno-arterial
  2. aScore ranges from -15 to 15, with higher scores indicating lower mortality. For example, a score of -9 is associated with 70% mortality [17]
  3. bScore ranges from 0 to 28, with higher scores indicating higher mortality. For example, a score of 23.5 is associated with 76% mortality at 30 days [18]
  4. cScore ranges from 0 to 207, with higher scores indicating higher mortality. For example, a score of 70 is associated with 55% in-hospital mortality [19]
  5. dScore ranges from 6 to 24, with higher scores indicating higher mortality. For example, a score of 13 is associated with 85% mortality [20]