Table 1 Baseline characteristics of patients on admission day with and without hypernatremia in the initial three days after tolvaptan treatment

N (%)

22 (19)

95 (81)

Age, years

78.5 ± 12.2

77.3 ± 11.3

0.661

Men, %

46

57

0.337

Body weight, kg

57.9 ± 13.8

58.6 ± 20.3

0.850

Body mass index, kg/m²

23.9 ± 6.3

23,4 ± 4.0

0.633

LVEF, %

44 ± 18

45 ± 19

0.869

Systolic blood pressure, mmHg

149 ± 21

137 ± 25

0.045

Diastolic blood pressure, mmHg

90 ± 20

78 ± 17

0.004

Heart rate, beats/min

95 ± 24

87 ± 23

0.152

NYHA, class

 I or II, %

77

55

0.089

 III or IV, %

23

45

Medical history

 Diabetes mellitus, %

36

42

0.623

 Hypertension, %

73

64

0.452

 Dyslipidemia, %

32

37

0.661

 Atrial fibrillation, %

55

43

0.338

 Coronary artery disease, %

23

25

0.806

 Valvular disease, %

32

27

0.679

 Cardiomyopathy, %

5

11

0.391

Medications before admission

 ACEI/ARB, %

41

39

0.867

 β-blocker, %

55

40

0.217

 Ca channel blocker, %

50

39

0.347

 Loop diuretics, %

45

53

0.548

 MRA, %

23

13

0.230

 Thiazide, %

0

7

0.192

Laboratory data at baseline

 BNP, pg/mL

1043 ± 758

1127 ± 992

0.711

 Hematocrit, %

35.3 ± 8.2

34.7 ± 7.5

0.722

 Albumin, g/dL

3.9 ± 0.5

3.7 ± 0.5

0.182

 Blood urea nitrogen, mg/dL

27.2 ± 19.8

27.5 ± 14.4

0.931

 Serum creatinine, mg/dL

1.8 ± 2.3

1.3 ± 0.8

0.110

 eGFR, mL/min/1.73m²

44.6 ± 20.9

46.6 ± 18.6

0.654

 Uric acid, mg/dL

6.5 ± 2.4

6.4 ± 2.3

0.817

 Serum sodium, mEq/L

143 ± 3

140 ± 4

0.002

 Serum potassium, mEq/L

3.9 ± 0.5

4.3 ± 0.6

0.026

 Blood sugar, mg/dL

145 ± 75

141 ± 57

0.812

 Serum osmolality, mOsm/L

295 ± 9

291 ± 11

0.139

Hormone at baseline

 PRA, ng/mL/h

1.0 ± 1.5

2.7 ± 4.7

0.204

 PAC, pg/mL

93 ± 108

117 ± 170

0.631

 Adrenaline, pg/mL

75 ± 138

58 ± 133

0.690

 Noradrenaline, pg/mL

1059 ± 723

709 ± 985

0.234

 Dopamine, pg/mL

35 ± 27

47 ± 140

0.753

Urine examination at baseline

 Urine urea nitrogen, mg/dL

478 ± 397

478 ± 405

0.999

 Urine creatinine, mg/dL

71.3 ± 64.9

86.0 ± 90.8

0.579

 Urine sodium, mEq/L

84.4 ± 42.8

91.9 ± 50.1

0.546

 Urine potassium, mEq/L

27.0 ± 18.4

29.7 ± 26.3

0.733

 Urine osmolality, mOsm/L

450 ± 182

432 ± 188

0.707