Influence of cigarette smoking on biventricular systolic function independent of respiratory function: a cross-sectional study

Table 4 Effects of lifetime pack-years on ventricular systolic and diastolic function

	Model 1		Model 2
	β coefficient	p value	β coefficient	p value
Left ventricular ejection fraction (%)	− 0.048 (− 0.087, − 0.009)	0.016	− 0.047 (− 0.088, − 0.006)	0.026
E/e'	− 0.007 (− 0.028, 0.014)	0.52	− 0.004 (− 0.026, 0.018)	0.74
E/A	− 0.00003 (− 0.002, 0.002)	0.97	− 0.0002 (− 0.002, 0.002)	0.87
Right ventricular fractional area change, %	− 0.074 (− 0.136, − 0.001)	0.020	− 0.071 (− 0.137, − 0.005)	0.035
e't velocity, cm/s	− 0.009 (− 0.026, 0.009)	0.35	− 0.011 (− 0.030, 0.008)	0.26
e't/a't	− 0.0004 (− 0.002, 0.001)	0.59	− 0.001 (− 0.003, 0.001)	0.22

Beta coefficients were interpreted as the absolute change in the dependent variable per change in the intensity of pack year
Model 1 is adjusted for age and sex. Model 2 is adjusted for Model 1 plus forced expiratory volume percentage in one second (FEV1.0%) and percent predicted forced vital capacity (%FVC)
A, Late diastolic transmitral inflow peak velocity; a′t, Late diastolic peak velocity of the tricuspid annulus; E, Early diastolic transmitral inflow peak velocity; e′, Mitral early diastolic annular peak velocity; e′t, Early diastolic peak velocity of the tricuspid annulus

ISSN: 1471-2261