Fig. 1

Pulmonary vein isolation using cryoballoon. a: Baseline intracardiac electrograms of the left pulmonary veins before isolation. b: Intracardiac electrograms after the left pulmonary vein isolation. c: Baseline intracardiac electrograms of the right pulmonary veins before isolation. d: Intracardiac electrograms after the right pulmonary vein isolation. e: Fluoroscopic AP image demonstrating positions of the cryoballoon for all pulmonary veins. f: Three-dimensional map with grey area representing ablated area by pulmonary vein isolation using cryoballoon. CS, coronary sinus; dist, distal bipole; prox, proximal bipole; IPV, inferior pulmonary vein; LIPV, left inferior pulmonary vein; LSPV, left superior pulmonary vein; RIPV, right inferior pulmonary vein; RSPV, right superior pulmonary vein; SPV, superior pulmonary vein