| Total sample (n = 192) | Men (n = 121) | Women (n = 71) | P-value |
---|---|---|---|---|
Demographic characteristics | ||||
 Age (years) | 66.1 ± 10.6 | 64.1 ± 10.5 | 69.5 ± 9.9 | 0.001a |
 Male | 121 (63.0) | – | – |  |
 Educational level (years) |  |  |  | 0.000b |
  0–6 | 53 (27.6) | 18 (14.9) | 35 (49.3) |  |
  7–9 | 53 (27.6) | 37 (30.6) | 16 (22.5) |  |
  10–12 | 65 (33.9) | 49 (40.5) | 16 (22.5) |  |
   ≥ 13 | 21 (10.9) | 17 (14.0) | 4 (5.6) |  |
Medical and psychological characteristics | ||||
 NYHA functional class |  |  |  | 0.212b |
  II | 35 (18.2) | 24 (19.8) | 11 (15.5) |  |
  III | 106 (55.2) | 70 (57.9) | 36 (50.7) |  |
  IV | 51 (26.6) | 27 (22.3) | 24 (33.8) |  |
 LVEF (%) | 37.6 ± 12.3 | 36.0 ± 11.8 | 40.4 ± 12.7 | 0.017a |
 BMI (Kg/m2) | 25.0 ± 4.5 | 25.2 ± 4.1 | 24.7 ± 5.1 | 0.540c |
 Hemoglobin(g/dL) | 13.0 ± 2.4 | 13.8 ± 2.3 | 11.7 ± 2.1 | 0.000a |
 hs-CRP (mg/L) | 4.4 (1.8–16.4) | 4.2 (1.4–12.4) | 5.2 (2.4–19.3) | 0.056d |
 eGFR (ml/min/1.73m2) | 72.8 ± 30.8 | 74.1 ± 31.6 | 70.7 ± 29.4 | 0.457a |
 Serum UA (mg/dl) | 7.3 ± 2.6 | 7.6 ± 2.6 | 6.8 ± 2.5 | 0.044a |
 Hyperuricemia | 105 (54.7) | 64 (52.9) | 41 (57.7) | 0.514b |
 Hypertension | 128 (66.7) | 79 (65.3) | 49 (69.0) | 0.597b |
 Type 2 diabetes mellitus | 84 (43.8) | 57 (47.1) | 27 (38.0) | 0.221b |
 Atrial fibrillation | 73 (38.0) | 47 (38.8) | 26 (36.6) | 0.759b |
 SDS score | 54.7 ± 10.0 | 53.9 ± 10.1 | 56.1 ± 9.8 | 0.147a |
Cognitive characteristics | ||||
 MoCA score | 25.1 ± 2.9 | 25.8 ± 2.7 | 23.9 ± 2.9 | 0.000a |
 Cognitive impairment | 103 (53.6) | 51 (42.1) | 52 (73.2) | 0.000b |