Table 1 Clinical characteristics of the study population

Age (years)

56.7 ± 8

54.1 ± 12

62 ± 10

61 ± 13

56.7 ± 11

0.255

Male (n, %)

17 (70.8)

14 (82.4)

17 (81)

11 (78.6)

19 (57.6)

0.249

BMI (kg/m²)

24.9 ± 3

25.1 ± 5

23.9 ± 4

24.8 ± 3

24.8 ± 3

0.399

Smoking history (Yes/No)

9/15

5/12

7/14

7/7

10/22

0.730

Drink history (Yes/No)

8/16

4/13

8/13

5/9

7/25

0.707

Heart rate (beats/min)

70.1

71.1

69.4

71.0

69.7

0.986

Hypertension (n, %)

11 (45.8)

9 (52.9)

8 (38.1)

7 (50%)

0

0.204

 SBP

136 ± 20

131 ± 18

141 ± 20

144 ± 23

126 ± 16

0.013*

 DBP

88 ± 16

85 ± 15

88 ± 15

89 ± 12

79 ± 16

0.091

Diabetes mellitus (n, %)

4 (16.7)

1 (5.9)

5 (23.8)

2 (14.3)

0

0.386

 ACEIs (Yes/No)

9/15

7/10

9/12

9/5

–

–

 Diuretics (Yes/No)

5/19

4/13

8/13

7/7

–

–

 CCBs (Yes/No)

8/16

6/11

10/11

10/4

–

–

 β-Blockers (Yes/No)

6/18

4/13

5/16

9/5

–

–

 Statins (Yes/No)

2/22

3/14

3/19

6/8

–

–

Hematocrit (%)

139.5

140.7

133

138.3

132.2

–

Total cholesterol (mmol/L)

3.61

3.94

4.91

4.99

3.92

–

Triglycerides (mmol/L)

1.72

1.76

1.55

1.64

1.56

–

HDL-C (mmol/L)

1.1

1.58

2.61

0.952

1.31

–

LDL-C (mmol/L)

2.4

2.62

2.96

2.95

3.19

–