Fig. 1

a Preoperative echocardiography shows the ASD, the arrow showing the defect; b The residual shunt 1 month after initial surgery. The red circle indicates the deficient posteroinferior rim; c Bicaval view of the residual shunt 3 months after initial surgery, the arrow showing the defect with minimum rim in the posteroinferior aspect; d The residual shunt 1 year after initial surgery; e Device closure of the residual shunt, the arrow showing the occluder. LA = left atrium; LV = left ventricle; f Three months after device closure of the residual shunt, the arrow showing the occluder. LA = left atrium, LV = left ventricle, A = right atrium, RV = right ventricle, IVC = posteroinferior vena cava, SVC = superior vena cava