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Table 3 Differences in variables between the two outcomes of developing HFpEF versus remaining asymptomatic within each cluster

From: Identifying Phenogroups in patients with subclinical diastolic dysfunction using unsupervised statistical learning

Cluster A

 

Subclinical DD (n = 2)

HFpEF (n = 5)

p value*

Aortic distensibility

0.00293 ± 0.00773 (n = 2)

0.00103 ± 0.00062 (n = 4)

0.016

Cluster B

 

Subclinical DD (n = 24)

HFpEF (n = 35)

p value*

Co-morbidities

 Chronic kidney disease||

27% (n = 22)

69% (n = 35)

0.006

 Diabetes

27% (n = 22)

66% (n = 35)

0.011

Medication Use by Class

 Aldosterone antagonists

29% (n = 21)

6% (n = 35)

0.048

 Beta blockers

48% (n = 21)

80% (n = 35)

0.026

 Diuretics||

29% (n = 21)

60% (n = 35)

0.045

Echocardiographic Parameters

 LV Internal dimension in systolic (cm)

2.84 ± 0.28 (n = 23)

3.23 ± 0.23 (n = 35)

0.036

 LV Outflow Tract max gradient (mmHg)

5.8 ± 0.86 (n = 23)

5.34 ± 0.69 (n = 34)

0.049

 Aortic Valve velocity max (cm/sec)

235.82 ± 31.84 (n = 24)

201 ± 18.04 (n = 35)

0.041

 Aortic Valve velocity mean (cm/sec)

163.64 ± 22.82 (n = 24)

139.68 ± 12.89 (n = 35)

0.049

 Aortic Valve max gradient (mmHg)

24.43 ± 5.98 (n = 24)

17.24 ± 3.03 (n = 35)

0.020

 Aortic Valve mean gradient (mmHg)

13.22 ± 3.39 (n = 24)

9.32 ± 1.67 (n = 35)

0.024

Vascular parameters

 Pulse pressure (mmHg)

65.57 ± 6.49 (n = 14)

82.79 ± 9.87 (n = 18)

0.004

 Arterial stiffness (mmHg/mL/m2)

1.61 ± 0.3 (n = 11)

2.24 ± 0.42 (n = 14)

0.013

 Arterial elastance (mmHg/mL)

1.47 ± 0.21 (n = 11)

1.87 ± 0.28 (n = 14)

0.021

 Aortic distensibility (1/mmHg)

0.00291 ± 0.00088 (n = 14)

0.00189 ± 0.00059 (n = 18)

0.047

Cluster C

 

Subclinical DD (n = 55)

HFpEF (n = 40)

p value*

Co-morbidities

 Atrial fibrillation

19% (n = 52)

45% (n = 40)

0.015

 Chronic kidney disease||

25% (n = 52)

55% (n = 40)

0.007

 Coronary artery disease

40% (n = 52)

65% (n = 40)

0.033

Medication use

 Digoxin

0% (n = 51)

13% (n = 40)

0.033

 Diuretics||

38% (n = 50)

73%(n = 40)

0.002

Echocardiographic Parameters

 LV Posterior Wall in Systole (cm)

1.56 ± 0.06 (n = 50)

1.67 ± 0.1 (n = 39)

0.041

 LV End-diastolic volume (mL)

80.37 ± 7.41 (n = 48)

68.2 ± 6.47 (n = 33)

0.021

 End-diastolic volume index (mL/m2)

42.78 ± 3.44 (n = 48)

36.52 ± 3.14 (n = 33)

0.012

 LV End-systolic volume (mL)

32.12 ± 3.37 (n = 48)

26.56 ± 3.08 (n = 31)

0.024

 End-systolic volume index (mL/m2)

17.06 ± 1.57 (n = 48)

14.19 ± 1.47 (n = 31)

0.013

Vascular parameters

 Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg)

75.85 ± 3.37 (n = 33)

68.82 ± 6.34 (n = 17)

0.030

  1. Only variables which differed between the subclinical diastolic dysfunction (DD) group and group that progressed to HFpEF are shown
  2. Categorical values are presented as counts and percentages; continuous variables are presented as mean ± 95% confidence interval; *p value = asymptomatic vs. HFpEF outcome
  3. n = total number of patients in each cohort or n = number of patients with available data; || Chronic kidney disease and diuretics differ between Subclinical DD and HFpEF groups in more than one cluster
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BMC Cardiovascular Disorders

ISSN: 1471-2261

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