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Table 1 Population Demographics

From: Identifying Phenogroups in patients with subclinical diastolic dysfunction using unsupervised statistical learning

Patient Characteristics

Subclinical

Outcomes

 

Diastolic Dysfunction Total Cohort

(n = 162)

Subclinical

Group 1

(n = 81)

HFpEF

Group 2

(n = 81)

p-value*

Group 1 vs. Group 2

Age at diagnosis of Diastolic Dysfunction

69.6 ± 10.1

68.8 ± 9.9

70.5 ± 10.3

0.289

Gender (% female)

67.9%

67.9%

67.9%

1.000

Race (% White, remainder Black)

77.8%

77.8%

77.8%

1.000

Weight (lb)

194.9 ± 59.3

193.5 ± 53.5

196.4 ± 64.9

0.757

Height (in)

65.6 ± 4.2

65.6 ± 4.1

65.6 ± 4.4

0.985

Body surface area (m2)

1.95 ± 0.28

1.95 ± 0.27

1.95 ± 0.30

0.987

Interval until diagnosis of HFpEF (years)

N/A

N/A

5.4 ± 2.8

 

Age at diagnosis of HFpEF

N/A

N/A

74.0 ± 10.5

 

Age at death OR last known alive

76.8 ± 10.3

76.0 ± 9.9

77.6 ± 10.7

0.319

Mortality, n (%)

66 (40.1)

26 (32.1)

40 (49.4)

0.038

NT-Pro B-type natriuretic peptide (pg/mL) (n)

8178 ± 14,346 (72)

2148 ± 3026 (21)

10,661 ± 16,341 (51)

0.021

Diastolic Dysfunction Severity (n)

(n = 162)

(n = 81)

(n = 81)

 

 Mild: E/A < 1, average e’ ≤ 9 cm/s

28 (17.3%)

7 (8.6%) ↓

21 (25.9%) ↑

0.011

 Moderate: E/A ≥ 1, average e’ ≤ 9 cm/s

125 (77.2%)

68 (84.0%)

57 (70.4%)

 Severe: E/A ≥ 2, average e’ ≤ 9 cm/s

9 (5.6%)

6 (7.4%) ↑

3 (3.7%) ↓

Degree of cardiac hypertrophy (n)

(n = 152)

(n = 77)

(n = 75)

 

 None

90 (59.2%)

51 (66.2%) ↑

39 (52.0%) ↓

0.053

 Mild

26 (17.1%)

15 (19.5%)

11 (14.7%)

 Moderate

14 (9.2%)

4 (5.2%) ↓

10 (13.3%) ↑

 Severe

22 (14.5%)

7 (9.1%) ↓

15 (20.0%) ↑

Chronic Kidney Disease Stage (n)

(n = 147)

(n = 70)

(n = 77)

 

 Glomerular filtration rate (GFR)

0.100

  Stage 1–2 GFR > 60 mL/min/1.73m2)

63 (42.9%)

34 (48.6%)

29 (37.7%)

  Stage 3a (GFR 45–59 mL/min/1.73m2)

32 (21.8%)

18 (25.7%)

14 (18.2%)

  Stage 3b (GFR 30–45 mL/min/1.73m2)

26 (17.7%)

8 (11.4%)

18 (23.4%)

  Stage 4 (GFR 15–30 mL/min/1.73m2)

11 (7.5%)

6 (8.6%)

5 (6.5%)

  Stage 5a (GFR < 15, mL/min/1.73m2)

15 (10.2%)

4 (5.7%)

11 (14.3%)

History of co-morbidities, (n)

n = 151 to 157

n = 75 to 76

n = 76 to 81

 

 Hypertension

81.5%

76.3%

86.4%

0.154

 Diabetes

42.0%

27.6%

55.6%

< 0.001

 Chronic kidney disease

44.2%

25%

62.5%

< 0.001

 Alcohol use

53.6%

58.7%

48.7%

0.286

 Tobacco use

56.1%

57.9%

54.4%

0.785

 Coronary artery disease

51.3%

42.7%

59.3%

0.056

 Cerebral vertebral accident/transient ischemic attack

18.1%

13.3%

22.5%

0.203

 Atrial fibrillation

29.3%

19.7%

38.3%

0.018

Medication Use by Class (n)

n = 154 to 155

n = 73 to 74

n = 81

 

 Beta blockers

68.2%

63.0%

72.8%

0.257

 Calcium channel blockers

27.3%

28.8%

25.9%

0.831

 ACE inhibitors

23.4%

17.8%

28.4%

0.174

 Angiotensin blockers

18.2%

15.1%

21.0%

0.458

 Digoxin

5.8%

0.0%

11.1%

0.009

 Diuretics

52.6%

35.6%

67.9%

< 0.001

 Aldosterone antagonist

11.7%

19.2%

4.9%

0.013

  1. n = total number of patients in each cohort or n = number of patients with available data
  2. *categorical values are presented as counts and percentages; continuous variables are presented as mean ± 95% confidence interval
  3. ↑ indicates higher than expected by chance
  4. ↓ indicates lower than expected by chance