Table 1 Demographic and clinical characteristics of study population, stratified depending on the presence of MACCE during 24-month follow-up
From: Renal resistive index and long-term outcome in patients with coronary artery disease
Variable | Whole population n = 111 | Non-MACCE n = 97 | MACCE n = 14 | p |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Men | 76 (68.5%) | 65 (67.0%) | 11 (78.6%) | 0.29 a |
Age [years] | 65 (59; 71) | 65 (60; 71) | 63.5 (57; 69) | 0.97 b |
BMI [kg/m2] | 29.1 ± 4.5 | 29.3 ± 4.6 | 27.8 ± 3.0 | 0.26 c+ |
Waist circumference [cm] | 90.6 ± 11.5 | 91.0 ± 11.9 | 87.7 ± 8.7 | 0.32 c |
Cigarette smoking | 66 (59.5%) | 57 (58.8%) | 9 (64.3%) | 0.47 a |
Hypertension | 107 (96.4%) | 93 (95.9%) | 14 (100.0%) | 0.58 a |
Diabetes type 2 | 42 (37.8%) | 35 (36.1%) | 7 (50.0%) | 0.24 a |
Atrial fibrillation | 24 (21.6%) | 23 (23.7%) | 1 (7.1%) | 0.14 a |
History of MI | 51 (45.9%) | 44 (45.4%) | 7 (50.0%) | 0.48 a |
History of ischemic stroke/TIA | 8 (7.2%) | 8 (8.3%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0.26 a |
COPD | 9 (8.1%) | 9 (9.3%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0.23 a |
CI-AKI by AKIN criteria | 9 (8.1%) | 6 (6.2%) | 3 (21.4%) | 0.09 a |
NSTE-ACS | 64 (57.7%) | 54 (55.7%) | 10 (71.4%) | 0.27 a |
NSTEMI | 32 (28.8%) | 27 (27.8%) | 5 (35.7%) | 0.37 a |
Unstable angina | 32 (28.8%) | 27 (27.8%) | 5 (35.7%) | 0.37 a |
Left main CAD | 11 (9.9%) | 5 (5.2%) | 6 (42.9%) | < 0.001 a |
SYNTAX score [pts] | 13 (4; 25) | 12 (3; 24) | 22.5 (11; 36) | 0.02 b |
PCI ad hoc | 49 (44.1%) | 42 (43.3%) | 7 (50.0%) | 0.64 a |
CABG referral | 17 (15.3%) | 13 (13.4%) | 4 (28.6%) | 0.14 a |
Hemoglobin [g/dL] | 13.9 ± 1.24 | 14.0 ± 1.22 | 13.3 ± 1.23 | 0.07 c |
White blood cell count [×1000/mm3] | 7.07 ± 1.73 | 7.11 ± 1.73 | 6.74 ± 1.78 | 0.46 c |
Platelet count [×1000/mm3] | 201 (177; 254) | 207.2 ± 0.02 | 242.4 ± 0.02 | 0.01 c |
Peak hsTnT [ng/mL] | 0.013 (0.008; 0.034) | 0.013 (0.008; 0.032) | 0.023 (0.012; 0.052) | 0.46 b |
Serum creatinine [mg/dL] | 0.92 (0.79; 1.13) | 0.92 (0.79; 1.11) | 1.03 (0.83; 1.25) | 0.23 b |
eGFR [ml/min/1.73 m2] | 80.3 ± 20.8 | 80.5 ± 20.6 | 79.2 ± 23.4 | 0.83 c |
IMT [mm] | 0.10 ± 0.03 | 0.09 ± 0.03 | 0.10 ± 0.02 | 0.17 c |
LVEF [%] | 53.3 ± 7.3 | 53.2 ± 7.2 | 53.3 ± 7.7 | 0.99 c |
LVEF< 50% | 30 (27.0%) | 23 (23.7%) | 7 (50.0%) | 0.045 a |
E/e’ | 8.6 (6.7; 12.0) | 8.6 (6.7; 12.1) | 6.8 (6.4; 10.0) | 0.06 b |
Mitral valve insufficiency | 72 (64.9%) | 66 (68.0%) | 6 (42.9%) | 0.07 a |
Systolic BP [mmHg] | 130 (120; 140) | 130 (120; 140) | 140 (120; 150) | 0.33 b |
Diastolic BP [mmHg] | 80 (70; 90) | 80 (70; 90) | 80 (70;100) | 0.15 b |
Pulse BP [mmHg] | 40 (30; 50) | 40 (30; 50) | 40 (30; 55) | 0.79 a |
Vmax – abdominal aorta [m/s] | 0.60 ± 0.13 | 0.59 ± 0.13 | 0.61 ± 0.17 | 0.73 c |
RRI pre. | 0.63 ± 0.07 | 0.62 ± 0.06 | 0.68 ± 0.06 | < 0.001 c |
RRI post. | 0.68 ± 0.07 | 0.66 ± 0.06 | 0.72 ± 0.06 | 0.01 c |
∆RRI | 0.05 ± 0.05 | 0.05 ± 0.05 | 0.04 ± 0.04 | 0.42 c |
RPI pre. | 1.40 (1.25; 1.52) | 1.39 ± 0.20 | 1.36 ± 0.25 | 0.63 c |
RPI post. | 1.51 (1.36; 1.64) | 1.48 ± 0.21 | 1.54 ± 0.24 | 0.36 c |
∆RPI | 0.10 ± 0.19 | 0.09 ± 0.20 | 0.18 ± 0.13 | 0.11 c |
PSV pre. [m/s] | 0.42 ± 0.09 | 0.43 ± 0.09 | 0.40 ± 0.11 | 0.33 c |
PSV post. [m/s] | 0.45 ± 0.08 | 0.45 ± 0.08 | 0.45 ± 0.10 | 0.83 c |
EDV pre. [m/s] | 0.16 ± 0.05 | 0.16 ± 0.05 | 0.13 ± 0.05 | 0.01 c |
EDV post. [m/s] | 0.15 ± 0.05 | 0.15 ± 0.05 | 0.12 ± 0.04 | 0.045 c |
AcT pre. [ms] | 61 (51; 69.5) | 57 (50.5; 68.5) | 69.75 (58.5; 77.5) | 0.06 b |
AcT post. [ms] | 82 (68.5; 98.0) | 77.5 (65.5; 98.0) | 94.0 (85.5; 107.0) | 0.11 b |
∆ AcT [ms] | 18.5 (9.5; 32.5) | 18.5 (9.5; 31.0) | 19.0 (17.5; 38.0) | 0.66 b |
AI pre. [m/s2] | 4.1 (3.6; 4.6) | 4.1 (3.7; 4.6) | 3.7 (3.4; 4.2) | 0.42 b |
AI post. [m/s2] | 3.6 (3.1; 4.1) | 3.5 (3.2; 4.0) | 3.6 (3.0; 4.3) | 0.90 b |
∆ AI [m/s2] | - 0.5 (0.9; 0.1) | −0.5 (−0.9; −0.1) | −0.5 (−0.9; −0.1) | 0.36 b |