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Table 1 Participant characteristics by quartiles of homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) (Visit 5, 2011–2013)

From: Insulin resistance and reduced cardiac autonomic function in older adults: the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities study

 

HOMA-IR

 

Quartile 1

Quartile 2

Quartile 3

Quartile 4

All

P-value

[0.20, 1.73]

[1.74, 2.78]

[2.79, 4.34]

[4.35,16.88]

(n = 181)

(n = 182)

(n = 182)

(n = 182)

(n = 727)

 

Age (years), mean ± SE

78 ± 0.4

78 ± 0.4

77 ± 0.3

77 ± 0.3

78 ± 0.2

< 0.01

Women, n(%)

124 (69)

123 (68)

109 (60)

116 (64)

497 (66)

0.17

African American, n(%)

100 (55)

105 (58)

102 (56)

115 (63)

438 (58)

0.18

Waist circumference (cm), mean ± SE

89 ± 0.7

95 ± 0.9

100 ± 0.8

106 ± 1

97 ± 0.5

< 0.0001

BMI (kg/m2), mean ± SE

25 ± 0.3

28 ± 0.4

29 ± 0.4

32 ± 0.5

29 ± 0.2

< 0.0001

SBP (mmHg), mean ± SE

129 ± 1.4

129 ± 1.5

128 ± 1.2

128 ± 1.3

129 ± 0.7

0.91

DBP (mmHg), mean ± SE

64 ± 0.9

65 ± 0.8

64 ± 0.7

65 ± 0.8

65 ± 0.4

0.78

Heart rate (beats per minute), mean ± SE

72 ± 0.6

72 ± 0.7

72 ± 0.6

71 ± 0.7

72 ± 0.3

0.79

Blood pressure medication, n(%)

104 (58)

120 (67)

123 (69)

137 (76)

510 (68)

0.02

Prior CHD, n(%)

16 (9)

25 (14)

20 (11)

27 (15)

91 (12)

0.16

Current smoker, n(%)

14 (8)

7 (4)

12 (7)

6 (3)

39 (5)

0.13

Current drinker, n(%)

60 (36)

60 (35)

56 (32)

54 (30)

238 (33)

0.22

Former smoker, n(%)

56 (36)

84 (54)

87 (54)

82 (50)

325 (49)

0.02

Former drinker, n(%)

48 (28)

62 (36)

65 (37)

67 (37)

258 (36)

0.09

Fasting glucose (mg/dL), mean ± SE

95 ± 0.7

102 ± 0.7

105 ± 0.6

108 ± 0.7

103 ± 0.4

< 0.0001

Insulin (μU/mL), mean ± SE

5 ± 0.1

9 ± 0.1

13 ± 0.2

24 ± 0.6

13 ± 0.3

< 0.0001

  1. Participant characteristics were described overall and by quartiles of insulin resistance indexes. Continuous variables were described using ANOVA and categorical variables were described using the chi-squared test